摘要
德国近代大学的学术自由理念,是德国启蒙运动的思想结晶。德国启蒙运动代表人物、德国古典哲学的奠基者康德关于"学者公开运用理性的自由"的论述,最早为学术自由奠定了理论基石;其后,费希特关于学者使命和洪堡关于国家作用限度的论述揭示了学术自由的内在条件和外在条件问题;但特定的历史环境,使德国近代大学的学术自由理念一直笼罩着一层依附个人非凡品质的克里斯玛魅影。在大学现代化进程中,学术自由理念上的这层克里斯玛魅影被祛除,但国家作用的强化、科层制的"非人格化"和绩效压力下的权力"凝视",却都可能让人担心学术自由星空的远去。
The idea of academic freedom in German modern universities,is crystallization of the wisdom of the Enlightenment.The representative of German Enlightenment,Kant who is also the founder of German classical philosophy,argued that scholars have freedom to employ reason in public,which laid the theoretical foundation for academic freedom;then,Fichte＇s opinion on the mission of scholars and Humboldt＇ view on the limitation of nation＇s role,revealed the external and internal conditions of academic freedom.However,the given historical condition made the idea of academic freedom in German modern universities veiled by the charismatic enchantment of clinging to the high-quality individuals.In the modernization of universities,charismatic enchantment of academic freedom has been removed;whereas,intensification of nation＇s role,impersonalization of bureaucracy,and power contemplation under the force of performance,all these make us afraid that starry sky of academic freedom would fade away.
出处
《高等教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第6期8-19,共12页
Journal of Higher Education
关键词
学术自由
康德
洪堡
费希特
祛魅
academic freedom
Kant
Humboldt
Fichte
disenchantment
