摘要
目的:了解学生对麻风病健康教育形式的需求,并评价在学校开展麻风病健康教育的效果。方法:使用多阶段整群抽样的方法选择兴义市23所学校的2832名学生作为研究对象,同时开展以麻风知识课堂讲座为主要形式的健康教育活动,并进行学生麻风知识-态度-行为的问卷调查。结果:健教前调查2832名学生中,接受过麻风病卫生宣教的学生占15.50%,愿意接受广播、电视、报纸、宣传栏、招贴画、口头交谈等形式的麻风健康教育形式者分别占94.84%、99.61%、68.04%、72.78%、64.02%和56.14%。对于麻风病的基本知识9条题目中知晓率最高者为麻风病是一种慢性传染病,占21.29%,觉得自己害怕麻风病者占90.71%;通过3个月的学校健康教育,结果所有的知识点均大幅度明显提升,由干预前的2.40%～21.29%提高到63.28%～97.63%,且均差异有显著性。在相关态度和行为方面,害怕麻风者下降到17.90%,认为麻风病人可以结婚生子者由19.49%提高到52.68%,认为应开展学校麻风病健康教育者由59.15%提高到100%。结论:学生对麻风病健康教育传播形式有自身的需求特点,学生对麻风病认识情况不佳,要开展麻风病的健教宣传。
Objective：To uderstand the leprosy health education demands in communication methods among students,as well as the evaluation of education intervention in school.Methods：Multi-stage sampling method was conducted to choose the targeted objects of 2832 students studied in 23 schools in Xingyi,Guizhou,China.And a leprosy health education in the school,dominated with the communication method of leprosy lecture in the classroom,was carried out.The intervention was lasted for 3 months and the effect was evaluated with a questionnaire before and after the education.Results：15.50% among 2832 students had the experience of accepting leprosy health education.The ones who accepted the communication methods of broadcast,TV,newspaper,billboard,poster,oral talking presented with 94.84%,99.61%,68.04%,72.78%,64.02% and 56.14%,respectively.The item with the highest awareness among 9 items reflecting the leprosy basic knowledge was that leprosy was a chronic infectious disease,with an awareness of 21.29%.90.71% students felt fear of leprosy.After 3 months intervention,all the knowledge items improved greatly,from 2.40%～21.29% to 63.28%～97.63%,with a marked statistical difference of P〈0.05.In the aspect of attitude and behavior,the students fear of leprosy declined to 17.90%.The students regarding that lepers can have a marriage increased from 19.49% to 52.68%,The ones who consider that school leprosy health education is necessary from 59.15% to 100%.Conclusion：The students have their special demands in communication methods of leprosy health education.Health ducation on leprosy has better effect,which is favor of early case-finding,leprosy discrimination elimination as well as promoting leprosy control work socializing.
关键词
学生
麻风病
健康教育
Student
Leprosy
Health education
