2Ruedi TP,Allgower M. Fracture of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint[J]. Injury ,1969,1:92-99.
3Watson JT, Moed BR, karges DE, et al . Pilon fractures:treatment protocol base on severity of soft tissue injury[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res , 2000,78-90.
4Mazur JM. Ankle arthrodesis:long-term follow-up with gait analysis[J]. J Bone Joint Surg(Am) ,1979,61:964-975.
5王满宜,杨庆铭,曾炳芳,等译.骨折治疗的AO原则[M].北京:华夏出版社,20023.545.
6Sirkin M, Sanders R, Dipasquale T, et al . A staged protocol for soft tissue management in the treatment of complex Pilon fractures[J]. J Orthop Trauma , 1999,13:79-84.
7Browne BD, Jupiter JB, Trafton PG, et al . Skeletal trauma [M]. 2nd ed Beijing:Science Press , 2001. 2295-2325.
8Neuman Pc, Catalano JD. Treatment of the sequelae of pilon fractures[J].Clin Podiatrmed Surg , 2000,17 : 117-130.
6Baird RA,Jackson ST.Fracture of the distal part of the fibula with associated disruption of the deltoid ligament.Treatment without repair of the deltoid ligament[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1987,69(9):1346.
7Meyer JM,Hoffmeyer P,Savoy X.High resolution computed tomography in the chronically painful ankle sprain[J].Foot ankle,1988,8(6):291-296.