摘要
利用城市冠层模式对建筑物表面的太阳辐射进行模拟,并将模拟结果与部分观测作了对比,一致性较好。在此基础上重点研究由于建筑物之间的遮蔽效应和墙面间的反射作用对建筑物各墙面所接收到的太阳辐射的影响。结果表明:(1)冬季建筑物墙面之间的遮蔽效应会明显减少建筑物的太阳辐照度,而且在早晨和傍晚尤为明显,在实际对太阳能利用的过程中,应该考虑这种遮蔽效应,否则会高估壁面所获得的太阳能。墙面之间的反射会小幅增加壁面太阳辐照度10～20 W.m-2。(2)建筑物墙面间的遮蔽效应和反射辐射随建筑群的高度和密度的增加而增大,特别在冬季,高而密的城市建筑区域,由于墙面的遮蔽,会使得壁面的日照时数大大减少。(3)纬度能够影响墙面遮蔽时间和太阳辐射相对于墙面的倾斜角,冬季,纬度越高,南墙日照时数越小;夏季则反之。
The solar radiation on the surface of building is simulated by applying urban canopy model.The simulated results agreed well with the observation data.The emphasis of the paper is to study the effect of the shadow and reflecting of wall to the solar radiation on the surface of building.The results are as follows：（1）The solar radiation on the lower surface of building is reduced by the shadow and reflecting of wall in winter,especially in morning and nightfall.It would overestimate the solar energy on the wall if ignore the effect of shadow.The solar radiation would increase by the reflecting of wall and the value is about 10～20 W·m-2.（2）The effect of the shadowing and reflecting of solar radiation is direct proportion with the density and the height of the building.The sunshine duration will shorten because of shadowing in the area which buildings are high and dense in the winter.（3）The latitude could influent the shadowing time and the angle between solar radiation and the south wall.The heigher the latitude is,the shorter the sunshine duration is in winter,but the greater the solar radiation is,and vice versa in summer.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期614-620,共7页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40805004
40775014)资助
关键词
冠层模式
建筑物遮蔽和反射
太阳辐射
太阳能
Urban canopy model
Building shadowing and reflecting
Solar radiation
Solar energy
