摘要
山区降水和高山冰雪融水是玛纳斯河流域径流的重要补给来源。利用MODIS陆表遥感数据MOD10A2提取2001-2007年1-12月流域积雪覆盖数据。用肯斯瓦特水文站1957-2007年径流资料为样本分析年径流丰枯演变规律。选择径流丰水年和枯水年,重点分析融雪期4-7月径流量与1-5月流域积雪面积和高山区气温-降雨的关系。结果表明:①流域内积雪分布年内变化特征显著:8月中旬至次年1月上旬为积雪增长期;1月中旬至8月上旬为积雪衰减期;②流域流量20世纪90年代以来持续增加,但2002年、2003年出现丰水和枯水现象;③在春季,流域水资源主要以融雪径流方式为主,春季随着气温的升高,积雪面积逐渐变小,流量逐渐增加;④冬季山区积雪面积越大,以固态形式存储的水量亦越大,春夏季随着气温的升高,积雪消融速率越大,河流来水量就越丰富。
Alpine precipitation and snowmelt are the main source to the runoff of Manasi river. Based on MOD10A2,land remote sensing inspecting data from MODIS,monthly snow cover area data from 2001 to 2007 in the study basin are made. By using all-year runoff data from 1957 to 2007 in Kensiwate hydrological station,the character of abundant or low runoff in the study period is analyzed. This paper emphatically analyzes the correlation between runoff in snowmelt period,from April to July,and alpine snow cover and temperature from January to May in different zones classified by the elevation in the basin. The results are as follows：①There is notable character in the monthly change of snow cover area in the study basin. In the period from the middle ten days of January to the first ten days of August,snow cover area gradually reduces. And it gradually increases in the other period. ②The runoff amount in the basin has been increasing since 1990s and became abundant in 2002 and low in 2003. ③In spring,snowmelt is the main supplies to the water resource of the basin. As the result of the gradually rising temperature,snow cover area reduces and runoff increases from day to day. ④The more alpine snow cover area accumulated in winter,the more solid-state water stored. As temperature rises more quickly in the spring,the rate of snowmelt is more rapidly and runoff in the river channel becomes more abundant.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期44-48,共5页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
科技部公益行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200706008)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务项目(IDM200808)
