摘要
以初始平均体重(2.02±0.02)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为实验对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长实验,研究不同添加方式的植酸酶对牙鲆生长和饲料利用的影响。在5000.0g豆粕中添加2.5g植酸酶,然后用产朊假丝酵母(Candidautilis)进行发酵预处理,得到植酸酶预处理豆粕。共制作4种等氮等能(粗蛋白49.7%、总能20.9kJ/g)饲料,对照饲料主要以鱼粉为蛋白源;在对照饲料的基础上,用豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白配制成豆粕组饲料;在每千克豆粕组饲料中添加1000IU植酸酶,配制成植酸酶组饲料;用植酸酶预处理豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白配制成植酸酶预处理豆粕组饲料。结果表明,与对照组相比较,用豆粕蛋白替代饲料中45%的鱼粉蛋白,若不添加植酸酶则显著降低牙鲆的特定生长率(P<0.01)、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮贮积率(P<0.05);直接添加植酸酶组、植酸酶预处理豆粕组牙鲆的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮贮积率与鱼粉对照组相比较没有出现显著差异(P>0.05);与不添加植酸酶的豆粕组相比较,在含豆粕饲料中添加1000IU/kg饲料的植酸酶显著提高牙鲆的特定生长率(P<0.01)、氮贮积率(P<0.05)和磷贮积率(P<0.01),显著降低氮排放率(P<0.05)和磷排放率(P<0.01),但饲料效率和蛋白质效率没有显著变化(P>0.05);在豆粕中添加植酸酶进行发酵预处理,降低了豆粕中植酸含量,在饲料中添加植酸酶预处理豆粕显著提高牙鲆的特定生长率(P<0.01)、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮贮积率(P<0.05),显著降低氮(P<0.05)、磷和钙的排放率(P<0.01)。
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different supplemental methods of phytase on growth and feed utilization of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. The phytase-pretreated soybean meal （PP-SBM） was obtained by fermentation with Candida utilis. Four isonitrogenous （49.7% crude protein） and isocaloric （20.9 kJ/g） diets were formulated. The control diet contained 68.0% fish meal （FM） as the main protein source. In soybean meal （SBM） diets with 0 and 1000 IU/kg phytase, 45% of FM protein was replaced by SBM protein. The PP-SBM diet was formu-lated in which phytase-pretreated soybean meal protein replaced 45% of FM protein. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of Japanese flounder with initial weight （2.02 ± 0.02） g/fish. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily （08：00 and 16：00）. During the experiment, water temperature fluctuated from 22.5 to 25.5℃, salinity from 29.5 to 32.0 and dissolved oxygen was not less than 7.0 mg/L. At the end of the 10-week feeding trial, survival and feed intake showed no significant difference among dietary treatments （P〉0.05）. The specific growth rate （SGR）, feed efficiency ratio （FER）, protein efficiency ratio （PER）, nitrogen retention （P〈0.05）, phosphorus load and calcium load （P〈0.01） of fish fed the SBM diet without phytase were significantly lower than those in control （P〉0.05）. The SGR, FER, PER and nitrogen retention showed no significant difference among fish fed the SBM diet supplemented phytase, PP-SBM diet and control diet （P〉0.05）. Comparing with the SBM diet without phytase, the fish fed the SBM diet supplemented phy-tase showed significantly higher SGR （P〈0.01）, nitrogen retention （P〈0.05） and phosphorus retention （P〈0.01）, and significantly lower nitrogen load （P〈0.05） and phosphorus load （P〈0.01）. The FER and PER showed no significant difference between the treatments of SBM diets with and without phytase （P〉0.05）. The content of phytate in phy-tase-pretreated SBM was lower than that in SBM. The fish fed the diet contained phytase-pretreated SBM exhibited significantly higher SGR （P〈0.01）, FER, PER and nitrogen retention （P〈0.05）, and significantly lower nitrogen load （P〈0.05）, phosphorus load and calcium load （P〈0.01） than the fish fed the SBM diet without phytase. The whole-body moisture and energy were not affected significantly by different supplemental methods of phytase （P〉0.05）. The whole-body crude protein （P〈0.05） and crude lipid （P〈0.01） in group of the SBM diet without phytase were signifi- cantly lower than those in control. The whole-body crude protein and crude lipid showed no significant difference among fish fed the SBM diet with phytase, PP-SBM diet and control diet （P〉0.05）. The ash in fish fed the SBM diet without phytase, SBM diet supplemented phytase and PP-SBM diet was significantly higher than that in fish fed FM diet （P〈0.05）. The results indicate that supplementation of phytase to the SBM diet can improve growth response and utili-zation of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the pretreatment of soybean meal with 1000 IU/kg diet phytase can improve the growth responses and feed utilization of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）.
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期481-488,共8页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:30371120
30800848)
青岛农业大学高层次人才启动基金(编号:630741)资助
关键词
牙鲆
豆粕
植酸酶
生长
饲料利用
Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
Soybean meal
Phytase
Growth
Feed utilization
