摘要
"开放式"解剖是法医学死亡调查中的传统手段。随着科技进步和技术发展,现在的断层扫描影像学技术已经可以部分甚至全部取代传统的解剖技术。计算机断层扫描成像技术可以提供个体的损伤或死后变化的二维或三维影像信息,可以充分而客观地反映如骨折、气体栓塞、皮下气肿、气压损伤、腐败改变及器官损伤等。这些反映个体损伤或者死后变化的计算机断层扫描成像技术可以为司法实践提供直观、有力的法医学证据。而另一种影像学技术,核磁共振成像技术在探查软组织损伤、器官损伤及非外伤性损伤等方面具有独特优势。但是,如何辨别生前和死后骨折形态的差异,如何调整生前死后变化的信号检查强度等方面,一直没有系统地研究报道。本文将综述有关计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像技术在法医解剖方面的应用,引入"虚拟解剖"的概念,系统地介绍这种独立、客观和微创的新型解剖方式,并对其在法医学死亡调查中产生的影响做出前瞻性预测。可以预见,在今后大量、广泛的法医死亡调查中,"虚拟解剖"将成为一种普遍应用的损伤和死亡的分析鉴定方式。
Invasive ＂body-opening＂ autopsy is a traditional approach of postmortem investigation in hu mans. However, modem cross-section imaging techniques can replace traditional autopsy partially or even completely. Computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice for twoand three-dimensional documentation and analysis of autopsy findings, including fracture systems, pathologic gas eollections （e.g., air embolism, subeutaneous emphysema after trauma, hyperbaric trauma, decomposition effects）, and gross tissue injury. Various post-processing techniques ean provide strong forensie evidenee for its use in legal proceedings. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has had an even greater impact in demonstrating soft-tissue injury, organ trauma, and nontraumatie conditions. However, the differences between morphologie features and signal intensity characteristics seen at antemortem versus postmortem MRI imaging have not yet been studied systematically. This paper eomprehensively examines the application of CT and MRI techniques in forensie anatomy, introduces the concept of virtopsy and systematieally explores this new type of autopsy whieh is investigator-independent, objective and noninvasive. This paper also makes a predietion of the influence of this approach in forensic pathologic investigation. Future applications of this approach include the assessment of morbidity and mortality in the general population and, perhaps, routine screening of bodies prior to burial.
出处
《证据科学》
2010年第2期234-248,共15页
Evidence Science
基金
北京市哲学社会科学规划项目"司法鉴定职业行为规则"(09AaFX064)的阶段性成果
