摘要
通过分析长江１９９８年流域性大洪水的成因和暴雨洪水特征，并与１９５４年特大洪水作了比较，着重剖析了中下游水位偏高的原因；同时简要分析了长江中下游输沙量和河床冲淤变化的基本规律以及主要测站水位、流量关系（河道泄洪能力）的变化情况后得出了以下结论：１９９８年长江大洪水期间，宜昌来水总量与１９５４年相近，宜昌以下较１９５４年为小；中下游部分江段水位偏高的主要原因是水文情势、湖泊蓄水、江湖分洪、溃口等原因所致，河槽淤积影响不甚显著。并且介绍了长江水文科技在抗洪中的指导作用，提出进一步健全水文服务系统的设想。
This paper presents calamitous flood pattern of Yangtze, analyses the formation cause of 1998 basin wide big flood as well as the characteristics of storm flood in comparison with the extreamly big flood in 1954. The causes of higher waterlevels in the middle lower Yangtze stretches are emphatically analysed. The fundamental variation law of silt load and river bed scouring and silting, the changing waterlevel discharge relation (flood carrying capacity) at main hydrologic stations on Yangtze are briefly analysed. The analyses reach the following conclusions: the total flood volume passing the Yichang Station in 1998 was nearly equivalent to that in 1954, but the flood volume downstream the Yichang Station in 1998 was smaller than that in 1954. The main causes of higher water level on partial middle and lower Yangtze river stretches are attributed to the aspects of hydrology regime, impoundment of lakes, flood diversion, dyke breaches etc.. The influence of sedimentation on the river channel is not remarkable. This paper also briefly describes the directive function of hydrologic science and technology in flood fighting and puts forward some suggestions to perfect hydrologic service system.
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
1999年第2期1-5,共5页
Yangtze River
关键词
流域洪水
洪水特性
洪水频率
水文分析
长江
Catchment flood Flood characteristic Flood frequency Hydrologic analysis Hydrological predictionChangjiang 1998
