摘要
复调社会指特定空间内同时存有多种不同的社会力量和社会领域,它们具有平等的地位和价值,既对立又对话,既协调又冲突,使该社会处于未完成状态。本文就汉语世界对civil society的三种不同译法即公民社会、市民社会和民间社会展开社会学考察,认为这"译名"选择的差异源于不同欧洲语言赋予civil society的不同指涉,以及中译者基于对本国现代化的过程和目标的不同理解而做出的不同选择,故具有实质的或者说社会学的价值。本文的"复调社会"指这三种译法及其所表示的三个社会领域之间的对立和对话关系。启蒙运动以来,西方国家复调社会的形成主要表现在资产阶级、知识分子和工人阶级这三种力量的发育及其间错综复杂的合作和对立关系的延展。到20世纪后期,西方复调社会基本成型,但随着新的价值和需求的不断再生产,西方复调社会依然处在未完成状态。"复调社会"的提出,有助于洞察civil society相互冲突的内涵,防止在理论上和实践中用一种内涵遮蔽其他内涵。
Polyphonic society means the coexistence of different social powers or fields with equivalent principles but different interests and values in a certain society.Contradictions and dialogues are embedded among these elements at the very start,so the society is always unending.In this paper,the author discusses the constitution of polyphonic society in the perspectives of the difference of the references,the dynamics of the civil society,and the conflicts among them.First of all,civil society is a political society because it strives to protect citizenship and tries to constrain state power.Second,civil society is a bourgeois society because its members are private individuals with very diverse interests.Third,civil society is a new community because its members want to reconstruct communal life in market society.The three versions of civil society and the dynamics of each one,such as the effort of bourgeois class,intellectuals and working class to realize their respective values and interests,bring modern society into a polyphonic state.
出处
《社会学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期1-28,共28页
Sociological Studies
基金
上海高校社会学E-研究院(上海大学)资助
