摘要
在第一性的意义上,商标权无疑源于企业在交易活动中对商标的实际使用。这一论断既可从商标制度演进的历史中得到验证,又契合财产权劳动学说和符号学基本原理。尽管如此,各主要国家都先后建立了商标注册制度,并由此形成商标权注册取得和使用取得两种确权模式。无论采取何种模式,各国商标法乃至国际公约都作了充分的技术设计,致力于寻求注册和使用在法律效力上的合理平衡。我国现行商标法采取一种近乎绝对的注册取得确权模式,在客观上助长了商标抢注行为,导致大量注册商标与市场实际脱节,影响了商标制度的正常运行。应在总体上沿袭注册取得传统模式的同时,明确规定基于使用也可取得商标权,并依此对商标法进行修订。
As one pair of the most important concepts in trademark system, registration and use play key roles in trademark right verification. How to deal with the relationship between them and balance their legal effects are always the critical issues that all the countries have to confront with. Primarily, the trademark right originates from the actual use by enterprises in the com- merce. This can be verified by the historical evolution of trademark system, and is consistent with the theory of property--labor and the doctrine of semiotics. As most countries in the world have established trademark registration system, the trademark right is essentially acquired through ac- tual use or registration. However, the two models are not always opposite to each other. Even within the trademark law of the same model, the legal status of registration or use differs more or less from country to country. Whatever approach adopted, it is critical for all the countries to try to make a better bal- ance between registration and use. In the current world, there still exist differences between the two models, but nearly all the countries adopt a trademark right verification system with a com- promising character to some extent. As to the use model, while the trademark law still insists that trademark right originates from actual use, registration can play an important role in testif- ying and strengthening the trademark right. For the registration model, the law still adheres to the registration principle, while admits that trademark use could also result in legal right in order to overcome the by--effect of registration principle. The current trademark law of China adopts a kind of absolute registration model, and as a re- sult, the un--registered trademark can not be protected by law. As a solution, the legislature of China should revise and improve the trademark law by clearly stipulating that trademark right can also be acquired through actual use while following the traditional registration model. The current draft prepared by the SAIC pays too much attention on legal procedures, and neglects the essen- tial issue concerning the role of use in trademark right verification, therefore makes no substantive improvement.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期149-162,共14页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2009年度重大项目"完善我国商标法律制度研究"(2009JJD820017)的中期成果
中南财经政法大学法学院"南湖杰出青年法学学者"项目资助
关键词
商标
商标确权
注册
使用
trademark, right verification, registration, use
