摘要
本文统计分析了黄河流域小浪底、黑石关和小萤以上地区1919—1989年的径流量、输沙位,即多年年平均天然径流量为562亿m^3,实测径流量为459亿m^3,实测输沙量为14.1亿t;同时文章还分析了不同年代的径流量、输沙量变化。20年代和30年代初,由于受气候的影响,黄河流域降水少,天然径流量枯水年居多;60年代出现丰水年较多;50年代以后未出现天然径流量属枯水的年份。但是实测径流量除20年代和30年代初偏枯外,70年代以来偏枯年份也较多。实测输沙量变化过程与实测径流量变化过程相似。天然和实测径流量、输沙量过程之所以不同,主要是引水灌溉和水利水保工程拦蓄所致。
This paper has counted the runoff volume and amount of sediment transported in the upper and middle Yellow River (upper the gauges of Xiaolangdi, Heishiguan and Xiaodong) during the period of 1919-1989, showing the averaged annual natural runoff for many years 562×10~8m^3,observed volume 459×10~8m^3 and observed amount of sediment transported 14.1×10~8t. In the same time, the variations of runoff and sediment delivery in every decade of the period has been analysed.In 1920s and early 1930s, there were more dry years of natural runoff because of little precipitation, but more wet years in 1960s, and none of dry year has occoured since 1950s. But the observed dry years were more in 1970s, besides 1920s and 1930s. The observed process of sediment delivery is similar to that of runoff in variation. The reasons for the difference between the courses of natural runoff and sediment and the cour ses of observed ones are mainly the effects of diverting water from the river for irrigation and retaining runoff by conservancy and soil conservation works.
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
1990年第5期44-49,共6页
Yellow River
