摘要
利用1953—2008年阜新县、彰武县气象站的降水量资料,分析阜新地区干旱发生时间、频率,对这一地区干旱发生规律进行探讨。结果表明:阜新地区平均年降水量为505 mm,就这一降水量而言,基本能够满足大田作物生产对水分的需求,但降水年际变差大、年内分配不均是引发旱灾发生的主要原因;夏季降水集中,占全年降水的67%,多数年份能够保证大田作物生长;秋季常有秋吊发生,而冬季至春播之前降水较少,春旱最为频发。提出解决春旱的有效途径是高效保蓄夏、秋两季的降水,通过多种措施提高农田水分入渗、蓄水能力,抑制和减少地面蒸发。另外,这一地区年降水量呈现周期性变化,并表现出逐年减少的趋势,这可能使当地的干旱灾害频发。
Based on the precipitation data from 1953 to 2008 in Fuxin weather station and Zhangwu weather station,the time and frequency of drought were analyzed.The results indicate that the mean annual precipitation is 505 mm in Fuxin region,which can satisfy the needs of field crop water.The large differences of inter-annual precipitation and asymmetric distributions of precipitation within a year are main reasons of the drought.Summer precipitation is intensive and accounts for 67% of total annual precipitation,which can ensure the needs of field crop water in most years.Autumn drought often happens and precipitation is sparse from winter to spring sowing,so spring drought becomes frequent.Storing summer and autumn precipitation efficiently,improving field moisture infiltration and storage capacity by various measurements,inhibiting and decreasing the surface evaporation are better measurements for mitigating the effects from spring drought.On the other hand,annual precipitation takes on the periodic change in this region and decreases year after year,which may result in local drought disaster more frequent.
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2010年第2期45-49,共5页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD291306)
辽宁省高校创新团队计划项目(2006T119)
辽宁省科技攻关项目(2007212001)
"十一五"辽宁省农业科技攻关重大项目(2008212003)共同资助
关键词
降水量
经验频率
皮尔逊-Ⅲ型曲线
五点平滑曲线
气象干旱
阜新地区
Precipitation
Empirical frequency
Curve of Pearson-Ⅲ
Curve of five-point smoothing
Meteorological drought
Fuxin region
