摘要
在科学划界问题上,库恩用科学史的实例使人们认识到逻辑主义的科学划界的绝对标准之谬误;主张一个研究领域出现了范式是这个领域成为科学的充要条件,开创了历史主义的相对标准观。把这种相对主义推向极致,就导致费耶阿本德、劳丹、罗蒂等人的反对科学划界的标准消解观。相对标准观不能把占星术等从科学中排除出去,消解观和拉卡托斯的科学研究纲领方法论都让伪科学有生存的借口。之后的多元标准观越来越复杂,但未能给出令人满意的科学划界。本文把可证伪性、实质普遍性、一致性和超余内容性等巧妙地结合在一起,给出了一个规范性的对科学的定义。这个划界标准既是逻辑的、又是历史的,能够排除形而上学和伪科学,也能得出人们以为科学通常都具有的各种特性。
As for the criterions of demarcation of science,that the absolute criteria given by logical positivism and Popperian are absurd is made clear by Thomas Kuhn through his analysis of history of science.Kuhn suggests that the necessary and sufficient condition for a researching field to be a science is that a paradigm emerged in that field.Kuhn is the father of historicism who holds relative criteria for demarcation of science.This relativism reaches its extreme at the hands of Paul Feyerabend,Larry Laudan and Richard Rorty who declare the problem of demarcation is spurious.Both their view and Lakatos' methodology of scientific research programs give room for pseudo-science.This paper gives a normal definition of science by connecting falsifiability,essential universality,coherency and observational prolificacy properly.The definition is a logical and historical criterion of demarcation which can eliminate metaphysics and pseudo-science.From the definition we can deduce various characteristics of science which are supposed to have.
出处
《淮阴师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2010年第2期163-173,179,共12页
Journal of Huaiyin Teachers College(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
科学划界
实质普遍性
波普
库恩
拉卡托斯
demarcation of science
essential universality
Popper
Kuhn
Lakatos
