摘要
沙漠地貌图是认识和研究沙漠的基础图件,编制《库姆塔格沙漠地貌图》是国家科技基础性工作专项"库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察"内容之一。本文全面总结了《库姆塔格沙漠地貌图》编制的思路和技术。考虑到库姆塔格沙漠地貌类型、分布规律及其形成和演变的需要,以及印刷纸张规格的限定,《库姆塔格沙漠地貌图》比例尺确定为1∶35万。选用的地理基础底图为20世纪70年代的1∶25万地形图,并以1∶10万地形图上作等高线和其他重要地理内容的补充。专题内容以2000—2007年的TM卫星数据为主,部分细节内容以Google Earth影像资料作补充。地貌图专题内容包含地貌类型、高度以及活动性等3层信息。地貌类型包括风成地貌、流水地貌、干燥剥蚀地貌、冰川冰缘地貌以及其他地貌等5大类,其中风成地貌是《库姆塔格沙漠地貌图》重点展示的内容。风沙地貌共分为13种类型,以符号表示,沙丘高度通过分层设色表示,用箭头符号表示沙丘移动方向。为了真实反映沙丘类型及其排列规律,本图对主要沙丘(高度一般大于10 m)都是准确定位描绘,而由于制图比例尺的限制,对一些次要沙丘(高度一般小于10 m)未作定位描绘,仅作示意。由于库姆塔格沙漠发育于阿尔金山北麓的倾斜洪积平原上,所以,洪积扇和干河道也是本图重点反映的内容。《库姆塔格沙漠地貌图》尽量应用现代计算机制图和数字化技术,对可以数字化的信息全部数字化。本图为研究库姆塔格沙漠提供了丰富信息。
Desert geomorphic map can provide the basic information for studying deserts. Compilation of the Geomorphic Map of the Kumtagh Desert was listed as the basic work in the China National Sci-Tech Basic Work Program ＂ Comprehensive Scientific Expedition of the Kumtagh Desert＂ （No. 2006FYl10800）. This paper presents the general ideas and technologies employed in compiling this thematic map. The scale of the map was determined to be 1 ： 350 000, considering the thematic details to be shown and the required specification of printing paper. 1： 250 000 topographic maps prepared in the 1970s were selected as the geography base maps, supplemented by the 1 ： 100 000 topographic maps for details of some elements. Thematic contents were based on TM data of 2000 to 2007, supplemented by the high-resolution images provided by Google Earth in some areas. The thematic contents included geomorphic types, height and activities. The geomorphic types were classified as aeolian landforms, fluvial landforms, dry denuded landforms, glacial and periglacial landforms and other landforms. Aeolian landforms were the key elements to be manifested in the thematic map. Aeolian landforms were classified into 13 types represented by symbols, their relative height represented by colours and activities represented by arrows. Primary dunes generally higher than 10 m were sited and those less than 10 m in height were non-sited to show the distribution and patterns of aeolian land- forms and consider the limitation of mapping scale. Alluvial fans and dry streams were also the key factors to be presented because the Kumtagh Desert was developed on the inclined alluvial plains to the north of the Altyn Mountains. Computer mapping and digitization technology were applied to their best. All the information that could be digitized was digitized. Geomorphic Map of the Kumtagh Desert would provide rich information for studying this desert.
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期483-491,共9页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40638038)资助
关键词
专题地图
风沙地貌
地图编制技术
thematic map
aeolian geomorphology
mapping technology
