摘要
基于煤矸石山复垦的生态和环境目标的综合考虑,提出在表层合适深度设置膨胀性阻水层的设想,并进行室内积水条件下煤矸石柱体水分入渗模拟试验。试验表明,各试验处理效果显著,各处理阻水层开始阻水时间均为3min,入渗水量随着阻水剂用量的增加大幅减少,稳渗时间随阻水剂用量增加及颗粒增大而增加;对照处理在15min达到稳定入渗,稳渗率4.7mm/min;阻水剂用量0.4,0.8,1.2g的处理分别在17,22,25min达到稳定入渗,稳渗率分别为3.5,1.1,0.4mm/min;小颗粒、中颗粒和大颗粒阻水剂(0.8g)的处理分别在17,19,22min达到稳定入渗,稳渗率分别为3.8,2.5,1.1mm/min。试验煤矸石样品Cd含量超过土壤环境质量2级标准,柱状30min淋滤试验水样中Cd、Pb浓度较高,略高于地表水及地下水环境质量1类标准。研究表明,设置膨胀性阻水层对柱体入渗过程影响显著,可以有效控制煤矸石山地表产流和入渗的比例,达到既满足植物需水又避免雨水深层淋滤的目的。
Based on the ecological and environmental objectives in coal waste dump reclamation,establishing a expansive water-resisting layer in appropriate depth in the surface layer of coal waste dump was put forward,and the indoor simulated experiment with leaching-column in ponded water infiltration was designed.The result indicated that the treatments are effective,the working start times of water-resisting layer are all at 3 min;The more the water-resisting material used and the larger particle in size of water-resisting material in this experiment,the lower the stable infiltration rate and the longer stable infiltration time;The stable infiltration time of control treatment is at 15 min,and the stable infiltration rate is 4.7 mm/min;The stable infiltration time of 0.4,0.8,1.2 g water-resisting material treatments is respectively at 17,22,25 min,and its stable infiltration rate is 3.5,1.1,0.4 mm/min respectively;The stable infiltration time of the treatments of fine,middle and big particles water-resisting material of 0.8 g is respectively at 17,19,22 min,and its stable infiltration rate respectively is 3.8,2.5,1.1 mm/min.The Cd content in experimented coal waste sample exceeds the soil environment quality standards value of 2th level;Cd and Pb contents are higher in the water sample comes from coal waste column 30 min leaching experiment,which exceed surface water and ground water environment quality standards value of 1th level.The result shows that the effect of expansive water-resisting layer on water infiltration is significant,which can be used to regulating the proportion of infiltration water and surface runoff,and can achieve the objectives of vegetation water demand and avoiding the rainwater leaching downward.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第2期188-191,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
辽宁省教育厅科技创新团队项目(2006T120)
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2040520)
关键词
煤矸石
膨胀性阻水层
入渗
淋滤
重金属污染
coal waste
expansive water-resisting layer
infiltration
leaching
heavy metal pollution
