摘要
从事畜牧业生产生活的辽朝契丹人牧养的牲畜主要有马、牛、羊(绵羊、山羊)、骆驼等,其牧养牲畜的技术包括两方面内容:一方面是对牲畜进行组织和管理,主要采取的措施有组群方式放牧和用印文标明所有权,其中组群放牧分集中放牧和散牧两种形式;另一方面是对草原实行循环放牧或区域轮牧,即有营地的定期游牧,分按季节游牧和定居放牧,其中按季节游牧有四季、两季之分,契丹皇帝"四时捺钵"是四季游牧的具体表现,五院、六院等部则是春夏与秋冬二季游牧。定居放牧是指牧人定居并建有畜圈,草场按季节轮牧。
Khitan Liao engaged in Pastoral farming and stock-raising,and the livestock they mainly raised are horses,cattle,sheep（including sheep,goats）,camels,etc.Its pastoral livestock technologies included two aspects.On one hand,they made a perfect organization and management of livestock.The main measures they took are Grazing group approach and Marking with the seal of ownership.And the grazing group approach included concentrated grazing and scattered grazing.On the other hand,they implemented cyclic grazing and the regional round of the remaining grazing on the Prairie,that is,nomadic camps on a regular basis,Seasonally nomadic and Settled grazing.Seasonally nomadic included four and two seasons.Khitan Emperor ＂Si Shi Na Bo＂ is a concrete manifestation of four seasonal nomadic.Five Yuan,six Yuan are the manifestations of two seasonal nomadic.Settled grazing means livestock herders to settle in and built ring,rotating grazing pastures on a seasonal basis.
出处
《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第2期14-18,共5页
Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)
关键词
辽朝
契丹人
牲畜
牧养技术
Liao Dynasty
Khitans
livestock
raising technique
