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东南亚实施沿海综合管理的教训

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摘要 本文评价东南亚8个沿海综合管理(ICM)计划的实施情况,这些计划是通过ASEAN/US CRM沿海资源管理计划(1986~1992年)和GEF/UNDP/IMO防止和控制东南亚海域海洋污染的区域计划(1994年至今)实施的。评价以常用的性能指数为基础,以测定规划和实施过程中(过程指数)、减少环境介质造成的压力(压力指数),确保规划持续性进行(可持续性指数)、以及遏止环境恶化或环境质量改善状况(环境状态指数)所取得的成果。所有的8个TCM计划成功地实现了问题识别和规划构成的要求。但是,只有在菲律宾八打雁湾和中国厦门的2个ICM计划达到了实施阶段。作者讨论了ICM计划实施13年的实践经验教训,包括在东南亚7个地区实施的8个ICM计划的产生和实现过程。讨论内容包括ICM的概念,计划的时间期限、执行监督、计划设计、管理问题的选择和重点安排,管理边界、研究和讨论、ICM计划的发展和实施周期、提交地方政府机构、机构组织,公民环境意识以及培养地区人员能力。
出处 《人类环境杂志》 1998年第8期599-609,共11页
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