摘要
目的研究三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸导致肾脏损害的机制。方法将48只SD大鼠随机均分成A组(对照组)、B组[三聚氰胺400mg/(kg·d)]、C组[三聚氰酸400mg/(kg·d)]、D组[三聚氰胺30mg/(kg·d)+三聚氰酸30mg/(kg·d)],通过灌胃给药。用代谢笼收集前3天24h尿液,进行尿量、pH值和尿酸排泄量测量;分别于第4天、第31天灌胃前每组采集6只大鼠的血液标本检测血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸;取双侧肾脏制作快速冰冻切片及石蜡切片(HE染色)观察肾脏病理改变及晶体形成。结果A组大鼠无明显异常。D组大鼠出现少尿、低pH值尿、尿酸排泄量减少(P<0.05),血肌酐、血尿素氮、血尿酸升高(P<0.05);肾脏体积变大、结构不清,许多淡黄色颗粒沉积于肾组织中;病理切片发现许多淡黄色、半透明同心圆形晶体,这些晶体主要集聚于肾小管中,造成肾小管明显扩张、上皮受损等病理改变。B组和C组肾脏病理切片均未见晶体形成,仅见少量肾小管轻度扩张及小管上皮肿胀,但出现尿量增多、尿酸排泄量增多、血尿素氮及血尿酸轻度升高(P<0.05)。结论单独摄入三聚氰胺或三聚氰酸对大鼠肾脏有轻微和慢性的损害,而二者联合进入大鼠体内,则会在肾脏形成一种晶体堵塞肾小管,造成肾脏损害甚至急性肾功能衰竭,并有进一步诱发尿酸结石的可能。
Objective To study the mechanisms of injury to the kidney by melamine and cyanuric acid. Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly and evenly divided into group A （blank control group）, group B [400 mg/（kg, day） melamine], group C [400 mg/（kg, day） cyanuric acid], and group D[30 mg/（kg, day） melamine mixed with 30 rag/ （kg.day） cyanuric acid]. Drug was administrated once a day and metabolic cages were utilized to collect 24-hour urine for 3 days. The 24 hour urine volume, pH value and 24 hour uric acid excretion volume were measured. On the 4th day and the 31st day, before drug administration, the blood samples of 6 rats in each group were collected to test the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid. The kidneys were observed by surgical microscope, and then rapid frozen section and paraffin section were produced to observe histopathology and crystal formation of kidney. Results There was no apparent abnormality in group A. In group D, oliguria, low pH value in the urine and low uric acid excretion volume were observed （P〈0. 05）; serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum uric acid was increased （P〈0. 05）; the kidney volume became larger, structure unclear and a number of yellow particles were deposited in renal tissues. In the patholog- ical sections, many pale yellow, semi transparent and concentric circular crystals were found in the rental tubular, which induced pathological changes including remarkable dilatation and epithelial cell damage of the rental tubules. In the pathological sections of group B and C, no crystals and only a slight dilatation and epithelial swelling in the renal tubules were found, but the urine volume, uric acid excretion volume ,blood urea nitrogen and serum uric acid increased slightly （P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Intake of melamine or cyanuric acid alone can result in slight and chronic damage to the kidney of rats. However simultaneous intake of the two drugs can generate insoluble crystals in the kidney, which can block the tubular, cause renal damage and even acute renal failure, and further induce uric acid stone formation.
出处
《华南国防医学杂志》
CAS
2010年第2期130-133,共4页
Military Medical Journal of South China
