摘要
风险感知的两种理论范式——个体主义的和背景主义的范式——分别强调个体认知结构因素和社会环境背景因素对人们风险感知的决定作用。本研究根据风险感知的"知识理论"、风险的社会扩大理论及社会制度结构对风险感知的束缚作用,分别建立相关的研究假设,试图寻找这些理论在中国经验中的证据。文章的数据来自中国综合社会调查(CGSS2006)的调查数据,研究发现,总体而言,当前中国民众对中国社会发展可能面临的问题有强烈的风险认知,尤其对当前中国社会发展可能面临的能源问题和环境问题有最强烈的风险认知。另外,民众的风险认知主要受个人的认知能力、媒介接触、城乡分割和社会阶层地位的影响。具体说来,受教育程度越高的人、媒介接触越频繁的人、阶层地位越高的人风险认知越强;城市居民比农村居民有更强的风险认知。
There are two different theoretical paradigms,the individualism paradigm and structuralism paradigm,used to explain the risk perception of general people.The former emphasizes the important influences of cognitive structure to people＇s risk perception,and the latter emphasizes the social context factors.According to the theories of risk perception,such as the cultural theory,social amplifica tion of risk and social institutional structural theory,the present research develops four hypotheses,in order to find the experience evi dence in China for these theories.The data is from the Chinese General Social Survey（CGSS） collected in 2006.The results show that,in general,Chinese residents have a very strong risk perception to the problems challenged to Chinese development,especially for the energy and environment problems.Besides,residents＇ risk perception is mainly determined by individual cognitive ability,media con tacts,urban and rural segmentation,and social status etc.Specifically,those who have higher education,more frequently media contacts,and higher social status,will have stronger risk perception.The urban residents have stronger risk perception than the rural residents.
出处
《上海行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第2期83-91,共9页
The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute
基金
教育部重大课题攻关项目"我国目前阶层状况研究"(编号08JZD0024)
关键词
风险社会
风险认知
阶层地位
社会放大理论
Risk Society
Risk Perception
Social Status
Social Amplification of Risk
