摘要
2008年4月下旬在渤海湾近岸海域进行了21个站位的大型底栖动物调查，共发现大型底栖动物99种，其中包括多毛类24科45种，软体动物15科19种，棘皮动物3科3种，甲壳动物18科25种，其他类群7种. 调查区内大型底栖动物的优势现象不明显，优势度指数大于1%的物种仅有7种，分别为黄海埃刺梳鳞虫、深钩毛虫、不倒翁虫、豆形胡桃蛤、长尾虫、绒毛细足蟹、纽虫. 调查区内大型底栖动物的总栖息密度平均值为228.81 m^-2，总生物量平均值为36.03 g/m^2；其中多毛类的平均栖息密度为71.43 m^-2，生物量为2.95 g/m^2；软体动物的平均栖息密度为76.19 m^-2，生物量为8.28 g/m^2；棘皮动物的平均栖息密度为6.90 m^-2，生物量为16.69 g/m^2；甲壳动物的平均栖息密度为53.10 m^-2，生物量为4.53 g/m^2. 调查区内大型底栖动物的香农-威纳多样性指数为0-4.18，平均值为2.99；丰富度指数为0-2.97，平均值为1.71；均匀度指数为0.51-1，平均值为0.84. 与1959年全国海洋综合调查的渤海底栖生物调查结果比较表明，近半个世纪以来渤海湾近岸海域大型底栖动物的平均生物量显著升高，群落结构有所改变.
Macrobenthos were investigated at 21 sites in the coastal seawaters of Bohai Bay in the last ten days of April 2008. In total, 99 species were found, including 45 species of Polychaeta belonging to 24 families, 19 species of Mollusca （ 15 families） , three species of Echinodermata （three families）, 25 species of Crustacea （18 families）, and seven species of other taxonomies. The phenomenon of predominance speeies was not obvious in the observation area. The predominance indices of only seven species were higher than 1% - Hesperonoe huanghainsis, Sigambra bassi, Sternaspis scutata, Nucula faba, Aspeudes sp. , Raphidopus ciliatus and Nemertinea. The average inhabiting density of macrobenthos was 228.81 m^-2, and the average biomass was 36.03 g/m^2 in the sampling sites. The average inhabiting densities of Polychaeta, M ollusca, Echinodermata, and Crustacea were 71.43, 76. 19, 6.90, and 53. 10 m^- 2 respectively, and their average biomasses were 2.95, 8.28, 16.69, and 4.53 g/m^2 respectively. The range of Shannon-Wiener index of macrobenthos in the investigated seawater was 0-4. 18, with an average of 2.99; the range of corresponding Margalef＇s richness index was 0-2.97, with an average of i. 71. The range of Pielou＇s index was 0.51-1.00, with an average of 0.84. Compared with the national comprehensive ocean investigation results during 1959, the average biomass of macrobenthos in Bohai Bay has increased significantly, and the community structure has changed obviously during the past 50 years.
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期430-436,共7页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家环保公益性行业科研专项(2008467041)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07209-008
2009ZX07528-002)
关键词
渤海湾
大型底栖动物
近岸海域
群落特征
Bohai Bay
macrobenthos
coastal seawaters
community structure
