摘要
本文利用小参数展开法研究非线性行星边界层,将其分为近地层和Ekman层,而Ekman层又分为若干层。在近地层中,取湍流粘性系数K为高度的线性函数;在Ekman层中,取K为逼近O′Brien[1]公式的分段常数。利用上下边界条件和分层界面上由风速连续和粘性应力连续而列出的衔接条件,求得了各层的风速和边界层顶的垂直速度的解析表达式,并计算和作图分析了特定的圆形轴对称气旋和反气旋的个例,得到了一些新的结论。例如,边界层中风速与其顶部风速的最大夹角远小于Wut的结果,只有25°左右,而近地层风速却远大于Wu的结果,50米处即可达地转风的一半左右。这些都与实测更趋于一致。再者,此个例还表明,Wu所得到的关于摩擦作用造成的边界层顶垂直速度在中心处达最大值,而我们得到的却是零,这与近中心处地转风很小,使边界层顶风速很小,因而风速切变很小,摩擦作用便很微弱的结论是一致的。由此可见,边界层中的风分布对湍流粘性系数是敏感的。
By use of the small parameter expansion method, the nonlinear planetary boundary layer ( PBL) is studied in this paper. The PBL is divided into the surface layer and the Ekman layer, which is divided into several sublayers. In the surface layer, the eddy coefficient K is taken as a linear function of height; in the Ekman layer, different K values are taken within different sublayers: these values are determined from O'Brien's [1} formula approximately. Under the upper and lower boundary conditions and the continuity conditions of the wind velocities and turbulent stresses at each boundary between sublayers, analytical expressions for wind velocity in all sublayers and the vertical velocity at the top of the PBL are obtained. A specific example of steady axisymmetrical circular high and low pressure areas is analysed, and some new conclusions are obtained. The results are in better agreement with reality than previous results. This example also shows that the vertical velocity at the top of the PBL caused by friction approaches zero near the center of a high or low pressure system for this modal, but attains its maximum absolute valute near the center of the high or low pressure area for Wu'sC23 model. This is due to the fact that in our model, the geo-strophic wind speed near the center of this specific vortex approaches zero, which causes the wind shear and the friction effect to be very weak. Therefore the wind distribution in the PBL is very sensitive to the type of eddy coefficient.
出处
《气象科学》
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第2期115-128,共14页
Journal of the Meteorological Sciences
