摘要
紫坪铺水库移民安置坚持开发性移民的方针,遵循以农为主,以土为本,采取适度集中、分户安插、自谋职业和投亲靠友相结合的安置方式,实现移民相对集中到县(市)、分散安置到村组,达到移民"搬得出、稳得住、逐步能致富"的目标。移民的承包地、自留地和宅基地,主要通过在安置区政府主导下的土地调整模式来解决,安置区村组调出土地获得的补偿费用则根据各村组接纳的移民人数拨付。在实际操作中,安置区村组获得的补偿费用主要用于基础设施建设、调整产业结构和增加农业收入,以及个别村组将剩余经费按村组总人数平均发放到户等。土地调整不仅与现在的农村土地政策相违背,而且土地调整过程中存在着利益分配混乱和各方支出和收益不均衡等问题,导致移民安置过程中权利各方之间形成潜在的利益冲突,影响到未来水库移民生产安置的顺利进行。文章最后针对移民安置过程中各方利益冲突的具体表现,提出了相应的对策建议。
The practice of resettlement resulting from the construction of Zipingpu reservoir adheres to the development resettlement policy and follows the principle of ＇depending on land and agriculture for living＇. The government would like to achieve the goals of relatively centralized resettlement at the county （city） level, and decentralized resettlement at the village group level. In order to make the migrant ＇moving out smoothly, living steadily, and becoming rich progressively＇, the government implements resettlement through a variety of approaches as follows： moderately centralized resettlement, decentralized resettlement on the basis of household, self-employment and resettling near their friends or relatives. In the processes of resettlement, the migrant shall acquire contracted lands, private plots and homesteads in resettlement areas through government-oriented land adjustment. In terms of the resettlement plan, farmland adjustment compensation shall be 8 times of the annual output value of farmland. However, instead of appropriating the compensation in the light of the amount and quality of adjusted farmlands, the compensation is appropriated on the basis of the number of migrants that the village group accepts. The criteria are shown as follows. The government appropriates the production resettlement fees （12 000 Yuan per migrant） to the village group, and these compensations should be used to compensate for losses of adjusted homestead and farmland. Since the No.471 stipulation that was issued by the State Council and current law does not make it clear that how these production resettlement fees should be used, rules of the use of production resettlement fees are quite different with resettlement areas. According to the results of a study on resettlement areas in Du Jiangyan City, there are three usage approaches with respect to production resettlement fees. First, the production resettlement fees will be distributed between local residents and migrants. Second, the compensation can be used in infrastructure construction, and then the balance of compensation will be distributed between local residents and migrants. Third, the compensation is dominated by the village collective. Not only does the government-oriented land adjustment go against current rural land policies, but also some problems such as disordered interest distribution and the gap between revenue and expenditure among different interest parties exist in land adjustment. These problems may bring about the potential conflict among different parties. Furthermore, it would hinder a smooth implementation of reservoir resettlement in the future. Finally, for resolving the conflict among all parties arising from the process of resettlement, some countermeasures and suggestions are given as follows. First, the resettlement plan should be associated with the land use plan. Second, relevant stipulations and laws should be further perfected. In addition, the criterion as well as the usage of land adjustment compensation should be defined clearly. Third, based on the land compensation of inundation areas, the migrant should be resettled with various approaches. Fourth, in order to achieve interest aggregation of migrants and local residents, they should be treated equally.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期547-556,共10页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:70473029)
中国水电工程顾问集团公司科技项目:"水电工程建设征地移民安置过程中土地流转问题研究"(编号:CHC-KJ-2007-21-4)阶段性成果
关键词
移民安置
土地调整
原居民
移民
利益冲突
紫坪铺水库
Resettlement Land adjustment Local residents Reservoir migrants Interest conflicts
