摘要
生态补偿对象的空间选择研究是生态补偿机制的基础性和支撑性研究,对建立高效合理的生态补偿机制具有十分关键的作用。目前国内在生态补偿的理论和实践研究中很少专门研究补偿对象的选择问题,这种不考虑空间异质性对整个补偿区域实施统一的标准补偿势必会影响到补偿的效率。有鉴于此,基于补偿资金效率考虑,构建以土地所有者提供的生态系统服务、土地所有者的参与成本和生态系统服务受损风险为参数的空间选择模型,以甘南藏族自治州草地生态系统水源涵养服务为例,乡镇为基本研究单元,采用聚类分析法将全州划为五大等级补偿区:优先补偿区、次级优先补偿区、次级补偿区、临界补偿区和潜在补偿区或可能补偿区。对各级补偿区的特征分析结果表明:①草地生态系统的优先补偿主体主要分布在纯牧区,而非优先补偿区主要分布在半农半牧区、林业区和农业区;②基于补偿资金效率考虑的补偿优先度与草地生态系统退化风险呈现高度的吻合状态,草地生态系统的优先补偿区又是高退化风险区(生态脆弱区);③草地生态系统的补偿效率与生态重要性呈现出吻合的状态,即草地生态系统的优先补偿区又是重要生态功能区;④甘南州近17%的草地为低效率和无效率补偿区,也是非生态脆弱区和非重要生态功能区,基于生态脆弱性、生态重要性和补偿效率考虑,这部分草地可暂时给予较低标准的补偿。
The research of the spatial selection of ecological compensation objects is the basic and supporting research,which plays an important role in establishing an effective and rational ecological compensation mechanism.However,there is rarely special research on spatial selection of ecological compensation objects at the moment in domestic.Lack of spatial differentiation in the targeting mechanism may lead to efficiency losses.Addressing this challenge,we construct an applied site selection tool,which takes into account three variables that vary in space： environmental services provided,risks of losing those services,and participation costs.Taking water conservation of grasslands in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example,and towns as basic unit,the whole prefecture was classified into five levels of compensation zones by cluster analysis based on the model： the priority compensation zones,sub-priority compensation zones,secondary compensation zones,critical compensation zones and potential compensation zones and the relevant characteristics of the five levels of compensation zones were analyzed.Taking the present basis and the financial circumstances of the budget into account,the compensation budget has been greatly limited.The space selection model,which is based on the efficiency of the compensation funds has great practical significance.The study only takes the water conservation service of grassland ecosystem as an example,with the research method having strong applicability,not only for domains and middle level,but also for the macro level and the national level;it is not only confined to grassland ecosystem,but also applies to other ecosystems and the whole ecosystem;it is not only limited to water conservation service,but also applies to other all ecosystem services,through comprehensive analysis of research findings.The result are drawn as follows： 1）From the view point of spatial distribution,the main priority zones of compensation of grassland ecosystems are mainly distributed in purely pastoral areas,while the non-priority zones are mainly distributed in the farming-pastoral areas,agricultural areas and forest areas.2）The order of compensation efficiency of grassland ecosystems is consistent with the degraded risk of grassland ecosystems,the priority zones of compensation of grassland ecosystems is also vulnerable ecological region and high degraded risk areas.3）The order of compensation efficiency of grassland ecosystems is consistent with the ecological significance,the priority zones of compensation is important ecological function area.4）The low efficiency and the inefficiency compensation zones which occupy nearly 17% of the grassland ecosystem are neither vulnerable ecological regions nor ecological function areas.Based on ecological frangibility,ecological significance and compensation efficiency,this part of grassland can not be temporarily compensated and protected.
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期415-425,共11页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40971291)
西北师范大学科研团队项目(NWNU-KJCXGC-03-20)
西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院学生学术科研基金
关键词
生态补偿对象
空间选择
甘南藏族自治州
ecological compensation object
spatial selection
Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
