摘要
茶是东方人的饮料，世界三大著名饮料之一，茶树原产于我国西南大娄山脉及邻近山区．始饮于该地区，始种于该地区，在古代，我国对茶的称谓有萘、、茗、荷、等10种之多．对多种称谓的解释有二：随时代不同而出现的变化：多种称谓本身就反映了不同地区、不同民族所饮用的不同的古茶种．现在尚存的雪茶、儿条、甜茶、苦丁条以及本文介绍的老鹰茶便是例证．老鹰茶原产大娄山，始饮于大娄山，现在仍处于野生和半野生状态，老鹰茶又叫大树荣，指明与灌木茶种不同，可用茎片作饮料，又指老鹰欢喜楼息之大树所制之茶．老鹰茶不是山茶科植物，而是樟科植物中之“川黔润楠”（MachilusChuanchieneneie）和“贵州润楠”（M.rehden）．老鹰茶的汤色金黄带红，有强烈的樟科植物芳香油味及樟脑味．在炎热的盛夏，老鹰茶有明显的防馊、防癌作用：有消渴去暑、止泻、止嗝和消食解胀之功能．根据采摘部位、加工方法和加工程度的不同．老鹰茶可分为“老鹰茶”、“白茶”、“大树茶”和“虫茶”四个品种．四个品种的色香味基本一致，唯以大树芬的色香味最浅，虫茶最浓而已．根据调查了解，老鹰茶、白茶、大树茶及虫茶为大娄山民族所特有，是一个古老的茶种，为大娄山区人民自产、自制和自用．少量流传于邻近地区．
Tea-drink of eastern, is one tpe of the most famous beverage in the world. Both social and natural investigations have proved that tea was originated from Dalou Shan and its surrounding regions in the southwest of China. Tea also was drunk and cultivated firstly in these regions. In ancient times, tea was called differently as : Ming, Tu, etc. General understanding is that the same tea had different name in different region or dynasties. Another opinion is that these names represent varied old tea in different regions and nationalities in ancient China, for example, snow-tea, sweet-the, kuding-tea and Hawk-tea in nowadays.Hawk-tea originated from Dalou Shan of Guizhou province, it's still a wild and semi-cultivated tree today. Hawk-tea is also named as 'Big Tree-tea', distinguished from shub tea. 'Hawk-tea' means the tea was produced from the trees that hawks like to rest. Hawk-tea trees are not Camellia plant but Machilus 2 spp of Hawk-tea soup with mixture color of golden and pmple, have strong odor of aromatic oil and camphor. Hawk teas have obvious functions of heat-proof and quenching thirst, antiseptic and preventing sour, preventing diarrhea and abdominal pain, promoting digest etc.'Hawk-teas' were classified as Hawk-tea, white-tea, tree-tea and sandy-the according to processing level and methods. Hawk-tea is manufactured from the red tender branches and leaves of Machilus bystirring-fry, twisting and baking. White-tea is the soup decocted from the slices of Machilus stems or branches. Sandy-tea are faeces-balls of some special inseets induced in stale hawk-tea or white-tea mixed uith a little of rice. Dissolved a few of faeces-balls into water, we can get the sandy-tea soup with little dregs. It has better color and flavor than Hawk-tea and tree-tea.Hawk-tea, white-tea, tree-tea were produced and consumed by peoples of these mountains reqions themselves. Sandy-tea was sold to the areas of Chongqing, Chengdu, Wuhan and even to those areas with Chinese in southcast Asia. It's very expensive.
出处
《贵州科学》
1998年第3期216-220,共5页
Guizhou Science
关键词
老鹰茶
贵州
古茶种
茶
品种
Hawk-tea, old folktea, Dalou Shan of Guizhou Province
