摘要
作者综述了2009年在ADSA-ASAS大会和CNKI、PubMed等数据库中外源添加剂(离子载体、酶制剂、植物提取物、饲用微生物)对瘤胃发酵调控的相关文献39篇。离子载体如莫能菌素主要通过促进瘤胃丙酸的产生,抑制生物氢化菌,促进长链脂肪酸在瘤胃内发生不完全氢化等瘤胃调控作用,从而缓解反刍动物的能量负平衡,减少甲烷排放,降低乳中脂肪含量。酶制剂(包括纤溶酶和淀粉酶等)在饲喂前加入日粮中能够免受瘤胃蛋白酶的降解,并保持酶活性,促进饲料的消化。植物提取物中皂角甙通过抑制原虫生长降低甲烷的排放,动物长期采食富含单宁的植物可产生单宁耐受菌,并且单宁的植物提取物可影响瘤胃的生物氢化作用,植物精油对瘤胃的调控作用包括减少淀粉和蛋白的降解,以及通过对某种瘤胃微生物的选择性作用抑制氨氮的降解。饲用微生物(主要有酵母菌、乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌等)能增加营养物质消化率,改变瘤胃发酵模式,增加瘤胃微生物菌群,但其益生效果与泌乳阶段、日粮类型、环境条件有关。
This review summarized the research progress of feed additives in rumen fermentation in 2009.Ionophores,such as monensin alters volatile fatty acid（VFA） production in the rumen towards more propionate（Pr） production at the expense of acetate（Ac）,which results in increased glucose availability to the animal through gluconeogenesis,decreases the production of methane by inhibiting H2-producing bacteria but not directly inhibiting methanogens.Ionophores decrease milk fat content by an incomplete biohydrogenation process of long-chain fatty acids in the rumen that interferes with de novo fat synthesis in the mammary gland.Adding fibrolytic enzymes and amylase to ruminants can improve the nutrient digestibility.Saponin decreases the production of methane by inhibiting rumen ciliate protozoa.The appearance and proliferation of tannin-tolerant bacterial species to enhance their tolerance to tannins and only condensed tannins extract influence the ruminal biohydrogenation.Essential oils reduce protein and starch degradation and an inhibition of amino acid degradation in rumen due to the selective action on certain rumen micro-organisms.DFM include yeast,lactic acid bacteria,Bacillus can increase in nutrient digestibility,alteration of the proportion of volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen,reduction in ruminal ammonia,and increase of ruminal microorganism population.But the beneficial effects of yeast products depend on lactation stage,diet characteristic and environmental condition.
出处
《中国畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2010年第2期15-21,共7页
China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
动物营养学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(2004DA12584(团)0801)
关键词
离子载体
酶制剂
植物提取物
饲用微生物
瘤胃调控
ionophores
enzyme preparations
plant extract
direct-feeding microorganism
rumen fermentation modifiers
