摘要
主动式和被动式微波遥感可以得到大量的地球物理参数和上层海洋信息,包括海表温度、海面矢量风、海面高度、海表盐度、海冰等。微波遥感可以穿透云层,全天候不间断观测海况信息。中国计划2011年发射运行的"海洋"2号(HY-2A)卫星有效载荷为3个微波遥感器,主要用来观测海面矢量风、海表温度和海面高度。HY-2A卫星将有效提高全球海洋卫星观测在时间和空间上的采样频率。本文介绍了与HY-2A卫星相关的海洋微波遥感技术现状,对微波遥感的优势和目前业务化运行的海洋微波卫星的局限性进行分析,总结了微波遥感的新技术进展和全球下一代微波遥感卫星的发射计划,最后指出发展中国立体海洋监测和中国"海洋"3号(HY-3)卫星(其主载荷为C频段多极化合成孔径雷达)对于更深入了解大洋和海岸带的必要性。
A wide variety of geophysical information including Sea Surface Temperature （SST）, Ocean Vector Winds （OVW）, Sea Surface Height （SSH） and Sea Surface Salinity （SSS） can be retrieved by satellite-borne microwave sensors. Cloud is nearly transparent to microwave, and the availability of all-weather microwave satellite measurements has overcome many limitations of traditional optical and infrared measurements. The China ocean satellite 2 （HY-2A）, scheduled to be launched in 2011, with primary objective of measuring SST, SSH and OVW, will significantly increase the sampling frequency over the global oceans while working together with other operational microwave satellites. This paper reviews the up-to-date ocean microwave satellite missions, outlines the future microwave missions and new technologies used to overcome limitations of the current microwave sensors, and addresses the importance Of multi-dimensional observing system that combines high-resolution microwave （China＇s ocean satellite 3, HY-3）, optical and infrared sensors as well as traditional measurements over the coastal and global oceans. It is concluded that （1） microwave measurements of SST are especially suitable for resolving mesoscale structure associated with the western boundary current systems （e.g. the Gulf Stream, the Agulhas Current） and their eastward extension into the interior ocean, where significant amount of clouds typically exist; （2） microwave measurements of surface wind are critical in understanding the mesoscale interaction processes near the oceanic fronts, and surface wind is an important physical parameter in improving the marine environmental forecasting skills; （3） microwave measurements of sea surface height have revolutionized our understanding of ocean circulations and large scale ocean wave theories. Finally, it is suggested that sustained microwave observations with resolution and accuracy at least as good as AMSR, QuikSCAT and TOPEX/Poseidon are required to understand the implications of short-term and long-term climate variability.
出处
《科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期105-111,共7页
Science & Technology Review
基金
中国高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重点项目(2007AA092201)
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC03B00-04-01)
中国高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2008AA09A403)
关键词
微波遥感
海洋遥感
微波辐射计
海面高度计
散射计
microwave remote sensing
ocean remote sensing
microwave radiometry
altimetry
scatterometry
