摘要
为了研究冰雹形成机制、催化防雹机制和通过数值试验获得冰雹云优化催化技术，在以前工作的基础上，发展了一个３维弹性冰雹云催化数值模式。模式考虑了冰雹云中详细的微物理过程，各种粒子采用双变参数谱，将云中水物质分成水汽、云水、雨水、冰晶、雪、霰、冻滴和雹８类，可以预报粒子的比浓度和比含量，尤其可以计算以霰或冻滴为胚胎的雹块的数量，非常适合研究冰雹的形成机制。此外，建立了催化剂ＡｇＩ的守恒方程，考虑了人工冰核的凝华核化及与云、雨滴接触的冻结核化过程，并用地面降雹动能通量检验催化防雹效果，因此，也可以研究催化防雹机制和对雹云的催化技术。
In order to study mechanisms of hailstone formation and hail suppression with seeding and to obtain optimum seeding technique for hail cloud, a 3 D compressive numerical seeding model for hail cloud is developed. The water substance in hail cloud is divided into 8 categories, i.e., water vapor, cloud droplet, rain drop, ice crystal, snow, graupel, frozen drop and hail, and the detail microphysical processes are described in spectrum with two variable parameters and more reasonable particle number/size distributions. Then, the model is able to predict concentration and water content of various particles. Especially, it can calculate number of hailstones which cores are graupel or frozen drop and apply to study mechanisms of hailstone formation. Additionally, a conservative equation of AgI as seeding or glacigenic agent is found and nucleation by condensation of artificial nucleus, nucleation by freezing of cloud droplet or rain drop which contact with AgI particle are considered. The dynamic energy flux of hail shooting on ground is used to verify seeding effect. So that the model is used to study mechanisms of hail suppression with seeding and the seeding technique.
出处
《气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第6期641-653,共13页
Acta Meteorologica Sinica
基金
国家九五攻关项目
关键词
微物理过程
成核机制
冰雹云
催化防雹
数值模式
Numerical model, Parameterization of microphysical processes, Nucleation mechanism.
