摘要
干旱地区的内陆河发源于山区，在山前平原地区受干旱气候、地质地貌结构和岩性的影响，地表水与地下水之间具有大数量转化的特点。根据水量平衡原理，通过对西北干旱区内陆河流域山前平原地区河水、地下水、泉水相互转化机制的研究和分析，建立了模拟与计算相结合，兼有预测性质的水资源转化与开发利用模型。模型概念明确，形式简单，所需资料容易获得。在新疆乌鲁木齐河流域实际应用结果表明，模拟的流域最大可能引水量和水资源净可利用量，都远比现状实际引水量和水资源净利用量小得多，水资源开发利用明显过度，每年超采地下水１．２×１０８ｍ３，与当地水文地质部门计算结果非常一致，效果较好。另外，模型预测结果还表明，对于处在完成地表水与地下水联合开发利用阶段的，类似乌鲁木齐河流域的内陆河流域来说，可用水资源的开发已达到极限，再采用传统的提高地表渠系利用率的方法，已不可能增加流域的可用水资源量。这不仅从理论上解决了，水利和水文地质部门长期以来有关地表水和地下水到底如何开发才算合理的争论；也证实了，这样做的结果不但在经济上得不偿失，而且将破坏流域已建有的地下水开采和供水系统，有可能造成更大的经济、社会和生态损失。
The inland river in the arid area rises in the mountain area. Affected by the arid weather, landforms and geology, structure, and lithologic characters in the piedmont plain, there is a characteristic of large account transformation between the surface and the ground water. According to the water balance principle, researching and analyzing of transformation mechanism of rivers, ground water and spring of the piedmont plain of the inland river basin of the Northwest Arid Region, a water resource transformation and development model is developed by combining the simulation with calculating and forecasting. The results of using the model in the Urumqi River Basin of Xinjiang show that the actual water withdrawal and net water usage exceed the available maximum withdrawal and net water usage at the present condition. The water resources are overexploited obviously. The amount of 1.2×10 8 m 3 groundwater per year is overtaken, which tallies with the actual condition and the calculating results of the local hydrological department. Moreover, the forecast results also show that the development of available water resources in the stage of finishing the ground and surface waters combined development and usage, such as the inland rivers region similar to the Urumqi River Basin have reached the limit. The traditional way by increasing the utilization rate of water can not increase the available water any more. Otherwise, it will destroy the existing systems of exploiting and suppling ground water , and caused heavy losses of economy, society and ecology.
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第4期299-307,共9页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
水资源
干旱区
内陆河流域
开发利用
Model Water resources transformation Arid area Inland river basin
