摘要
知情同意是活体亲属供肾移植中最基本的伦理学原则之一。肾移植前医生应当向尿毒症患者详细介绍各种治疗方法的优缺点,使患者和其家属明确肾移植不是尿毒症治疗的唯一选择。对选择进行肾移植的活体供受者,告知肾移植的临床效果、各种合并症或并发症等风险及术后治疗依从性重要性和供肾者在供肾捐献中的权益;对"交换捐肾"等要告知特殊情况下的风险与利益。捐献人只有在充分获得活体器官移植的风险信息,自我进行综合衡量和评估后做出的捐献决定,才是真正意义上的自愿捐献,并且要排除受到欺骗和利诱,为获得经济利益出卖肾脏而做出的同意。对无行为能力者,即使做出知情同意的决定也不能作为捐献人。为了保证亲属活体供肾移植供受者双方在充分知情基础上做出同意的决定,伦理委员会可对医院提供给供受者的"活体供肾肾移植知情同意书"和"手术知情同意书"进行伦理审查。
Informed consent is one of the basic ethical rules for living related kidney transplantation. Doctors have obligations of informing before kidney transplantation. The advantages and disadvantages of each treatment should be introduced to uremic patients and their relatives to let them know that kidney transplantation is not the only choice for treating uremia. Both donors and recipients of living kidney transplantation should be informed of the clinical effects, all kinds of complications and their risks, and the importance of treatment compliance after operation. Donors should be notified with the interests, complications and risks in period of donating operation and long-term after operation, and should be notified with the interests and risks in some special conditions for exchanging donation. Voluntary donation should fulfill that donators make the decision of donation under a fully understanding of the risks of living kidney transplantation and being fully assessed by themselves, and cheating, luring and sealing kidneys for economic interests are ruled out in making consent. Persons with incapability can not be donors even if they had made the consents of donation. In order to make sure that the decision of donation is made under the condition that living donors and recipients have known the fact thoroughly, ethics committee should inspect the ＂consent of kidney transplantation of living donation＂ and ＂consent of operation＂ offered to donors and recipients by hospital to make sure that donors and recipients have been fully notified with the current situation, clinical effects and possible complications of living kidney transplantation by doctors. This measure can make sure that donors and recipients make the decision based on knowing the fact thoroughly and sign the consent personally.
出处
《中国医学伦理学》
2009年第6期118-119,128,共3页
Chinese Medical Ethics
关键词
肾移植
亲属
活体
伦理
知情同意
Kidney Transplantation
Relative
Living Body
Ethics
Consent
