摘要
玉米收获机械化成为制约玉米生产全程机械化的瓶颈。在介绍国外玉米收获机械化发展现状的基础上,分析我国玉米收获机械的研究进展。研究表明:我国现有不同玉米联合收获机各有其优缺点,其中,悬挂式玉米联合收获机是我国特有机型,结构简单、操作方便、价格低廉,但作业效率不高、操控性能不佳;牵引式玉米联合收获机是我国最早研发的机型,技术较为成熟,但不适合小地块作业;自走式玉米联合收获机具有籽粒损失小、剥皮效果好、动力匹配合理、机动灵活等优点,适应性和可靠性较好,但结构复杂、造价较高。针对我国玉米种植地块小、行距不统一、品种繁多等特点,提出今后我国玉米收获机的研究方向,包括:采取主动喂入方式,解决行距不统一问题;改进摘穗台结构,降低动力消耗;采用先进的秸秆粉碎装置,完成低功耗秸秆还田处理;改进摘穗机构,降低籽粒破碎率;采用新型材料,利用先进制造技术和机电一体化技术,提高产品性能。
Mechanized corn harvesting has become a bottleneck to realizing completely mechanized corn production. This article, on the basis of presentation of abroad development in mechanized corn harvesting, analyzes the research in China＇s mechanized corn harvesting. The research shows that China＇s various corn combines have both advantages and drawbacks. Among them, lifttype corn combine is typical of China＇s with such advantages as simple structure, easy to be operated, cheap in price but its efficiency is low and it is difficult to handle. The pull-tYpe corn combine is at the earliest research list in China with mature technology but unfit for small plot. Serf-pro-pelled corn combine enjoys such advantages as small grain loss, efficient peeling, rational power match and with much flexibility and adaptability. But it is complex in structure and at a relatively higher cost. In light of China＇s such planting features as small planted plot, different row spacing and numerous varieties, this article points out the major research direction for China＇s corn combine, including solving the problem of different row spacing with the method of initiative feeding, improving grain picking structure to reduce power consumption, adopting advanced straw grinding equipment to return straw back to fields with low power consumption, improving grain picking organization to reduce the rate of grain breakage, finally, improving the performance of products by adopting new materials and advanced manufacturing technology and electromechanical integration technology.
出处
《农业科技与装备》
2009年第6期104-106,共3页
Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment
