摘要
目的探讨煤矿井下工人颅脑创伤流行病学特点。方法回顾性总结2293例煤矿井下创伤资料,记录、分析颅脑创伤的发生例数、死亡例数,伤员的年龄、工龄、工种,受伤时间、机制、严重程度。结果颅脑创伤占全部煤矿井下创伤的14.0%,死亡例数占全部死亡的42.3%。31～40岁人群颅脑创伤所占比例最高,为48.8%;半数以上发生在工龄≤5年的人群;在不同工种中采煤工发生比例最高,占39.8%;近半数发生在早班(6:00-14:00);受伤机制中以摔伤最为多见,占42.2%。按照GCS评分划分,轻、中、重型颅脑损伤的构成比分别为58.9%、3.6%和37.5%。本组颅脑损伤的死亡率为31.7%。重型颅脑损伤(GCS3～8分),年龄>40岁,早班发生和砸伤造成的颅脑创伤在各自的分组中死亡率最高,差异均有统计学意义;不同工龄、工种分组中死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论煤矿井下颅脑创伤好发于工龄≤5年的人群,多为采煤工,发生时间多在早班(6:00-14:00),摔伤为最多见的致伤原因,重型颅脑损伤所占比例较大,死亡率较高,砸伤为造成死亡最多的致伤原因。
Objective To study the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury （TBI）in workers working in mine of colliery. Methods Based on the data of 2 293 traumatic cases occurring in mine of colliery, the numbers of cases with TBI and the death cases, the patients＂ age, length of service, type of work, occurring time of accident, mechanism for TBI and GCS were collected and analyzed. Results Cases with TBI counted for 14.0~ of the 2 293 traumatic cases. The death cases resulting from TBI accounted for 42. 3% of all death cases. Proportion of cases with TBI was largest in workers aged 31 to 40 years, accounted for 48.8%. More than a half of the cases were in workers whose length of service was or less than 5 years. Excavate coal workers formed the largest group of cases with TBI, 39.8% of the cases were in these workers. Nearly a half of the cases were in the workers who were on morning shift （6 a. m. to 2 p. m. ）. Tumble events were the most causes of head injury, 42.2% of the cases were caused by tumble. The distribution of head injury severity, on the basis of Glasgow Coma Scale scores, was mild in 58.9 %, moderate in 3.6 %, and severe in 37.5 ~ for all cases. The mortality in the cases with TBI in this study was 31.7%. The mortality was highest in subgroups of cases with severe head injury, patients aged more than 40 years~ workers on morning shift and cases with heavy downward knock on head as the mechanism for TBI. In subgroups divided on the basis of length of service and type of work, the mortalities were not different significantly. Conclusion In workers working in mine of colliery, people whose length of service is or less than 5 years, excavate coal workers and workers on morning shift are at higher risk of sustaining a TBI. Tumble is the most common mechanism for head injuries. The proportion of severe TBI is the largest; the mortal- ity of TBI is higher. Heavy downward knock on head is the most common cause resulting in death.
出处
《中国煤炭工业医学杂志》
2010年第1期115-117,共3页
Chinese Journal of Coal Industry Medicine
