摘要
针对含硫油气田开发生产中,硫化氢(H_2S)在振动筛房等密集作业空间内泄漏扩散造成的潜在人员毒害问题,从确定H_2S扩散规律、建立事故控制措施的角度展开分析。根据海洋平台空间环境特点,采取计算流体动力学(CFD)建立用于分析H_2S扩散过程的理论模型和数值模拟方案。就某海洋平台振动筛房在舱门关闭、打开和房内安装换气机3种条件下的H_2S扩散过程进行分析,确定H_2S浓度变化和分布规律。通过对比不同舱室条件下的H_2S影响程度,推荐在平台生产过程中封闭可能出现H_2S泄漏的舱室并安装换气机。进一步分析了换气机的工作效率,建立了简化数学模型以快速预测换气机工作时间,并与CFD结果进行了验证。
The present paper is aimed at introducing our analysis of HaS dispersion regularities in the congested working environments on the offshore platform so as to find ways and then adopt necessary measures to get rid of the potential poisoning accidents likely to be caused by such leakage and dispersion. Based on our analysis of the spatial environment characteristics of the offshore platform, we have formulated a theoretical model and a mathematical simulation scheme to analyze the H2S dispersion process based on the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） while taking the influences of the obstacles on the gas dispersion into full account. The simulations of H2S dispersion in the shale shake room of the offshore platform were conducted under the condition of sudden well kick in case of its outlet door closed, outlet door opened and air ventilation installed. Based on the concentration variation and the spatial distribution of H2S, an immediately dangerous to life level may come up in a short break with the door closed. In such a dangerous situation, H2S can only be made to disperse to other areas through the opening door or effectively ventilated away by means of a ventilator. Comparing the HaS impact under different conditions of the cabin arrangements, we have found a solution to getting isolated of the cabins with the potential H2S leakage during the operation process and installation of ventilators. Furthermore, we have also worked out the efficiencies of the ventilator at various H2S leakage rates, which indicates that the average efficiency is too low to control the H2S hazard immediately and therefore more time is needed for the ventilator to extract the H2S in the room. Since CFD calculation is unable to give fast-enough estimation of the working time of the ventilator, we have worked out a simple mathematical equation to play the role. From what is said above, it can be concluded that this paper is in a position to provide a valuable reference to the anti-H2S safety production of offshore platform with practical engineering value.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期140-143,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家863计划海洋技术领域专项课题(2006AA092355)
关键词
安全工程
海洋平台
密集作业空间
H2S
扩散
safety engineering
offshore platform
congested working environment
H2S
dispersion
