摘要
为研究黄土坡面径流能耗与土壤剥蚀率的影响因子,采用人工径流冲刷的方法,研究黄土坡面小区在不同出流量、不同坡度下的土壤侵蚀量、径流能耗和土壤剥蚀率。结果表明:20°坡面径流小区土壤侵蚀量随出流量的增加而增加,1.0 L/min出流量时的稳定土壤侵蚀量是5.0和7.5 L/min出流量时的1%左右,而3.0 L/min出流量时的稳定土壤侵蚀量是二者的20%左右;相同出流量时,10°坡面径流小区的稳定土壤侵蚀量只有20°、30°坡面的1/10;不同出流量时坡面径流能耗相差很大,1.0 L/min出流量时黄土坡面的径流能耗为16.6 J/min,约是3.0 L/min出流量时坡面径流能耗的1/3,是5.0 L/min出流量时的1/5,是7.5 L/min出流量时的1/8;相同条件下,20°与30°坡面的径流能耗基本相差不大,都约比10°坡面径流能耗小0.3 J/min;5.0和7.5 L/min出流量时的土壤剥蚀率比较接近,是3.0 L/min出流量时稳定剥蚀率的2.5倍,是1.0 L/min时的50倍左右;20°和30°坡面的土壤剥蚀率比较接近,是10°坡面稳定剥蚀率的40倍。研究成果可为黄土高原治理提供技术依据及数据支撑。
We analyzed the soil erosion amount,runoff energy consumption and denudation amount under different flow amount and different slope degree to study the influence factors of runoff energy consumption and denudation amount on loess slope in hydraulic research base of yellow river institute.The observation data showed that： the amount of soil erosion increased with flow amount raise on 20° slope,the stable amount of soil erosion under 1 L/min flow amount condition was 1% of that under 5 L/min or 7.5 L/min flow amount condition;The stable amount of soil erosion under 3 L/min flow amount condition was 20% of that under 5 L/min or 7.5 L/min flow amount condition;On the same condition,the amount of soil erosion on 10°slope was 1/10 times than that on 20° or 30° slope;The slope energy consumption under 1 L/min flow amount condition was about 16.6 J/min,and 1/3 of that under 3 L/min flow amount condition,1/5 of that under 5 L/min flow amount condition,1/8 of that under 7.5 L/min flow amount condition;On the same condition,the slope energy consumption were near on 20° and 30° slope,were smaller 0.3 J/min than 10° slope;The denudation amount were near of 5 L/min or 7.5 L/min flow amount condition,and 2.5 times as large as the denudation amount of that under 3 L/min flow amount condition,50 times as large as the denudation amount under 1 L/min flow amount condition;The denudation amount were near on 20°or 30° slope,were 40 times as large as the denudation amount on 10°slope.The result could supply foundation datas for the Loess Plateau management.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2009年第6期9-13,39,共6页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"973"项目"不同类型区土壤侵蚀过程与机理"(2007CB407201)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金"坡面流水力学特性试验研究"(HKY-JBYW-2007-31)
黄河水利委员会资助项目"黄土高原水土流失数学模型研发"(黄水保200651-7)
黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金(黄科发200806)
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200701035-05)
关键词
黄土坡面
径流能耗
土壤剥蚀率
loess slope
energy consumption
denudation amount
