摘要
目的:了解医科大学生躯体过度关注和躯体变形障碍患病率的动态变化情况。方法:采用体象问卷(BSQ)、Swansea强壮态度问卷(SMAQ)、躯体异形关注量表(DCQ)和躯体变形障碍问卷(BDDQ)对同一批(487名)医学生进行了两年的追踪调查。结果:学生在大一与大三时符合DSM-IV躯体变形障碍诊断标准者分别为1.27%(6名女生,0名男生)和1.04%(5名女生,0名男生);学生在大一与大三时有过度关注(与体重不相关的)躯体某个或某些部位的比例者分别为32.48%和36.17%;女生在大三时对胸部、乳房(大三为37人、大一为15人)和腹部、腰部(大三为52人,大一为29人)的关注明显高于在大一时(P<0.05);大三时的躯体异形关注明显高于大一时(P<0.05)。女性对体重与体型的关注、男性对肌肉和强壮感的关注在两年期间无明显变化。结论:大学女生躯体变形障碍的患病率在两年间都高于男性;学生在大三时较在大一时存在更多的躯体过度关注;女生在大三时较在大一时对胸部、乳房、腹部和腰部的关注有明显增加的趋势。此结果提示,对大学生加强对体象的正确认识,改善过度的躯体变形关注,治疗已有的躯体变形障碍者很有必要。
Objective： This two-year follow-up study aimed to explore the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in the first-year （2006） and the third-year （2008） of a medical student sample. Methods： A self-report survey design was used to gather the data, using the Body Shape Questionnaire, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire and the Body Dysmorphie Disorder Questionnaire. A total of 487 medical students participated in the survey. Results： Six （1.27%） female participants in 2006 and five （1.04%） female participants in 2008 suggestively met the DSM-Ⅳ criteria for body dysmorphie disorder, while 32.48% in 2006 and 36.17% in 2008 indicated that they were very concerned about some aspects of their appearance unrelated to weight. Increased number of participants concerned about the Chest/Breasts Waist/Stomach in 2008. More participants had dysmorphic concern in 2008. There were no differences between female＇s weight and shape concern, and male＇s muscularity concern in 2006 and 2008. Conclusion： This study found that prevalence rate of body dysmorphie disorder was comparatively higher in female students than in male students. More participants had dysmorphic concern in 2008 than in 2006. Furthermore, female participants had higher chest/breasts and waist/stomach concern in 2008 than in 2006. According to those results, it is necessary to pay attention to improve students＇ correct body image knowledge, to decrease dysmorphic concern, and to prevent body dysmorphie disorder.
出处
《中国临床心理学杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
2009年第6期708-711,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology
基金
973课题(2007CB512301)
国家自然科学基金(30870893)资助
关键词
体象关注
躯体变形障碍
追踪调查
大学医学生
Body image cnncern
Body dysmorphic disorder
Follow-up study
Medical graduates
