1Pope MH,Panjabi M. Biomechanical definitions of spinal instability [J ].Spine, 1985,10:255-256.
2Kirkaldy-Willis WH,Farfan HF. Instability of the lumbar spine [J].Clin Orthop,1982,165:110-112.
3White AA,Panjabi NM.Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine [ M ]. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1978.1-60,191-276.
4Vostrejs M,Ozuma R. The role of instrumentation in the degenerative lumbar spine[J].Curr Orthop, 1999,10:148-153.
5Humley EN,Spengler DW,Wesel S, et al. Controversies in low back pain:the surgical approach[J].Instr Course Lect,1994,43:415-423.
6Yone K,Sakou T. Usefulness of posner's definition of spinal instability f or selection of surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis[J].J Spinal Disord,1999,12:40-44.
7Herkowitz HN,Kurz LT. Degererative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal st enosis:a prospective study comparing decompression with decompression and intert ransverse process arthrodesis[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1991,73:802-808.
8Zdeblick TA. A prospective,randomized study of lumbar fusion: preliminary r esults[J].Spine,1993,18:983-991.
