摘要
Freeze等学者认为自然语言的方位句和存在句/领属句有相同的底层结构,最终的句法结构取决于到底是对象论元还是方位成分移位成为句子主语。Harley认为,方位句和存在句/领属句不一样,前者的介词含语义成分LOC,后者的语义成分含HAVE,并非所有的语言都有HAVE,有HAVE的语言才允许双宾构式。Harley认为BE+HAVE形成have,但没有研究BE+LOC形成什么。本文论证英语的BE形成系动词be,BE没有和LOC结合,后者包含在介词中,英语无单纯的LOC,汉语的动词"在"是LOC的体现,是BE+LOC形成的静态动词;动词"到"是BECOME+LOC形成的肇始动词。
Freeze and some other scholars claims that Locatives and Existentials/Possessives have the same underlying structure, that the different sentences are determined by the movement of the Theme or the Locative element to the position of the sentential subject. Harley argues that Locatives are different from Existentials/Possessives： the former involves a preposition containing the meaning LOC whereas the latter, the meaning HAVE. Not all languages are HAVE languages; some languages are HAVE -not languages. Only HAVE languages allow double object constructions. Harley holds the idea that BE ＋ HAVE results in the verb have, but she does not mention the result of BE ＋ LOC. We argue that in English, BE is realized as the verb be, that BE does not combine with LOC, which is contained in prepositions, and English has no simplex verb containing LOC. The Chinese verb zai is the realization of LOC ; BE and LOC combine to form the stative verb zai. Similarly, BECOME and LOC combine to from the Chinese inchoative verb dao.
出处
《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2009年第6期17-20,共4页
Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)
关键词
方位
领属
介词
动词
Locational
Possessive
preposition
verb
