摘要
用自主研发的二维元胞自动机(CA)随机模型模拟人员疏散过程,不仅给出了疏散时间,还可观察到疏散过程中的一些典型现象,如门口集结或堵塞。进一步分析了初始人员密度对疏散的影响,结果表明,人员初始密度越大,疏散过程中的出口平均流量越低,即疏散效率越低。在基本模型的基础上,建立了人员疏散二维元胞自动机扩展模型,用以模拟人员倒地行为对疏散过程的影响。结果表明,人员倒地数目增加,疏散时间成非线性增加;若某条疏散路径上有人员倒地,其后续人员可能"舍近求远",改变疏散路径的过程导致疏散时间增加。模型着眼于模拟人的行为细节,从而为以后的细致研究打下了基础。
This article is inclined to introduce a 2 dimensional random cellular automata model developed by us a research group to be used for simulating the residents evacuation process. In the basic model, while simulating the common evacuation process, we have worked out a general rule for the residents inside to evacuate to the nearest exits. Considering the random nature of the process during the evacuation, a rule of random slowdown has to be applied. More specifically speaking, the evacuation case that is supposed to take place in a three-storied building has to be calculated by using our basic model. Not only the evacuation time supposed to be gained, but also some typical phenomena, such as the evacuees gathering around the exits and trying to rush out, can also be observed. Here, we can also analyze the influence of the initial density of evacuees on the evacuation efficiency. The bigger the number of the initial evacuees, the lower the efficiency of evacuation for each exit, and thus, the lower the general evacuation efficiency will be. Based on the above model, we have worked out an expanded model in simulating the behavior of the evacuees＇ falling down on the ground during evacuation. If there were no obstacles inside, very few evacuees＇ such behavior may have little influence on the total evacuation process. However, with the increase of the number of evacuees with such behavior, the evacuation time will increase nonlinearly. That is, with the increase of the number of evacuees with such behavior, disorder in evacuation will become more and more serious. If one exit is blocked by some evacuees, the other evacuees may naturally choose the other further exit to get out. In such a situation, the efficiency of the exit-using will naturally be various, and the process of looking-for an alternative route will increase the evacuation time correspondingly. The location of evacuees＇ falling near the exits or on the obstacles will be investigated by our extended model in the future. And the pattern of the evacuees escape has also to be studied further. However, it can be believed that the fine model rules will be helpful for the research work on the evacuees behavior.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第5期179-182,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
上海市教委科研创新项目(09YZ392)
上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(J51502)
关键词
安全技术及工程
人员疏散
元胞自动机
火灾
人员倒地行为
safety technology and engineering
occupant evacuation
cellular automata
fire
behavior of occupants＇ falling down on the ground
