摘要
氢是一种清洁的燃料,氢能是未来有发展前景的新型能源之一。氢的储存是氢能现阶段开发和利用的瓶颈。氢的储存方法有高压气态储存、低温液态储存和固态储存等3种,其中高压气态储存或低温液态储存不能满足将来的储氢目标。固态储氢是通过化学或物理吸附将氢气储存于固态材料中,其能量密度高且安全性好,被认为是最有发展前景的一种氢气储存方式。高密度储氢材料由轻元素构成,包括铝氢化物、硼氢化物、氨基氢化物、氨硼烷等,理论储氢质量分数均达到5%以上。综述了高密度储氢材料的研究进展,认为高储氢容量、近室温操作、可控吸/放氢、长寿命的轻质氢化物材料有希望达到燃料电池和移动氢源应用的目标。
Hydrogen is a clean fuel and hydrogen energy is one type of new energy with tremendous potentials. The bottleneck of hydrogen energy development at the present stage is hydrogen storage, methods of which include high-pressure gaseous storage, low-temperature liquid storage and solid-state storage, but the former two cannot reach future storage goals. Solid-state storage can store hydrogen in solid-state materials through chemisorption or physisorption, which is considered as the most promising way of hydrogen storage due to its high energy density and safety. High-density hydrogen storage materials consist of lightweight elements such as alanates, borohydrides, amido hydrides, ammonia borane, and etc. , exhibiting high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of more than 5% （mass fraction）. Recent developments of high-density hydrogen storage materials are reviewed, and high-density hydrogen storage, close-to-room temperature operation, controllable storage/release of hydrogen, and long-life lightweight hydride materials are believed to reach the goal for hydrogen storage applications as required by fuel cells and mobile hydrogen sources.
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
2009年第7期26-40,66,共15页
Materials China
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(20701021
50771056)
国家863计划资助项目(2007AA05Z149
2009AA03Z224)
关键词
储氢材料
高密度储存容量
轻质氢化物
氢能
hydrogen storage materials
high-density storage capacity
lightweight hydrides
hydrogen energy
