摘要
】１９９１～１９９７年系统研究了吡虫啉防治稻飞虱、多种作物蚜虫、稻象甲、稻瘿蚊、梨木虱、柑桔潜叶蛾等３０余种重要害虫及７种病毒病的毒理、应用策略和技术，在１９个省（市、区）示范应用３３９．２万ｈｍ２，取得直接经济效益１６．９４亿元，投入产出比达１３１，降低我国防治稻飞虱、蚜虫等用药量的８０％～９５％，并取得从毒理到应用技术多方面的创新。揭示了吡虫啉作用动力学过程中独特的正反馈机制，与害虫中枢神经受体低能态高度竞争性结合的热力学机制，显著的正温效关系，对家蚕无薰蒸毒性以及在植株中的内吸传导特性等。首创吡虫啉低量使用技术，为国外推荐量的１／１０～１／６，发现其高效防治稻瘿蚊、二化螟、小猿叶虫、梨木虱、恶苗病等，发展吡虫啉应急防治稻飞虱高龄种群、种子处理综合防治水稻前中期多种病虫害等关键技术。
Action mode, application strategy and techniques of imidacloprid against more than 30 species of insect pests such as rice planthoppers, crop aphids, rice water weevil, rice gall midge, pear leaf sucker and citrus leaf miner, and 7 varieties of virus diseases were systematically investigated in 1991～1997 and extensively applied over 3392 kilo hectares in 19 provinces of China with direct ecomomic benefit of 1694 millions of yuan, a rate of 1 input to 31 outputs and diminution of 80%～95% insecticide usage for control of the planthoppers, aphids and etc. Such new advances in toxicology and technology of imidacloprid were made in this investigation as kinetics of positive feedback effect of the insecticide on brown planthopper population, thermodynamic mechanism of highly competitive binding with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the American cockroach, positive effect of enviroment temperature versus the compound action, no vapour toxicity of the chemical to silkworm and its systemic property in plants. Low usage of imidacloprid 15～30 grams per hectare for control over insect pests was initiatively promoted. Pesticidal spectrum of imidacloprid was broaden for control of rice gall midge, pear leaf sucker, daikon leaf beetle, smaller tea tortrix, lichee stink bug and rice bakanae. And key techniques for urgent control of higher instar nymphs of the planthopper with foliar spray of imidacloprid and for integated control of insect pests and diseases in earlier stages of paddy rice with seed treatment of the pesticide were developed and applied.
出处
《西南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
1998年第5期478-488,共11页
Journal of Southwest Agricultural University
基金
"九五"国家重大科技攻关计划资助
关键词
吡虫啉
毒理
应用技术
害虫
病毒病
稻飞虱
imidacloprid
action mode
application technique
insect pest
virus disease
