摘要
探讨了中国载人航天计划制定之前,国内有关航天飞机与载人飞船何者优先发展的争论。国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)虽然将载人航天纳入其中,但主要目的是技术跟踪,而非工程项目。20世纪80年代中后期,围绕中国载人航天发展途径问题,相关部门展开了一场有关航天飞机与载人飞船的讨论。受美国航天飞机的影响,相当数量的专家和部门倾向于优先发展航天飞机。随着研究、争论的不断深入,从中国的国情、时间与成本因素、技术积累以及难易程度综合考虑,最终大多数赞同优先发展载人飞船观点。1992年国家在制定载人航天决策时,把载人飞船作为中国载人航天的第一步。从航天飞机后来的命运看,当时的决策是正确的。这一重大决策的出台,得益于之前广泛的研究、分析与争论。
This paper discusses the debate on the priority development of the space shuttle or the manned spacecraft during the formulation of the China＇s manned space program. The National High Technology Research and Development Program （＂863＂ program） of China included the manned space flight project, but it＇s primary purpose is a technology tracking, rather than a construction project. In the later 1980＇s, a discussion was organized on the shuttle or the manned spacecraft as the priority approach in China＇s manned aerospace development. Affected by the USA space shuttle achievement, there are quite many experts and departments tend to give priority to the development of the space shuttle. With more in-depth researches, the viewpoint of giving priority to the spacecraft ultimately prevailed. According to China＇s national conditions, time and cost factors, technological accumulations as well as the degrees of difficulty, in 1992, in the manned space program, the state takes the manned spacecraft as the first step of China＇s manned space flight. The decision-making is correct in view of the later development of shuttles. This major policy was based on a wide range of prior researches, analyses and discussions.
出处
《科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第18期19-27,共9页
Science & Technology Review
关键词
国家高技术研究发展计划
载人航天工程
航天飞机
载人飞船
争论
National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
manned space program
space shuttle
manned spacecraft
debate
