摘要
苗瑶语中古汉语借词的调类与汉语有十分整齐的对应。类型相近的四声八调的声调格局,为苗汉之间调类对应奠定了坚实的基础。四声时代,苗瑶语借词者主要通过音强、音长特征感知借词,八调时代则在此基础上,借助清高浊低、清音浊流等特征匹配借词。近、现代,语音的发展变化搅乱了原来的平上去入的字,调类对应不复存在。借源语西南官话入声的失落、双音节借词的词重音导致借词音长、音强特征弱化,音高、调型成为匹配借词的主要依据。
The tone categories of the loanwords in Miao-Yao form strict correspondences with those of the middle ancient Chinese. The similar typological tone pattern lays a solid foundation for the correspondences. During the four-tone period, the borrowers discriminate the loanwords mainly by their intensity and length; while during the eight-tone period, they also differentiate them by intensity and length, with the help of tone value difference between voiceless and voiced initials and the voiced aspiration. In modern times, with the phonological development, tone correspondences collapse. The disappearance of the entering tone and the word-stress of the disyllabic loanwords lead to the decline of the intensity and length, and the rise of the pitch.
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第5期118-124,共7页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
三峡大学人才科研启动基金项目"江永勉语与汉语的接触与演变"(KJ2008B049)
关键词
苗瑶语
中古汉语
借词
调类
Miao-Yao languages
Middle Ancient Chinese
loanwords
tone categories
