摘要
动荡和结构变化是2008世界能源市场的突出特点。《BP世界能源统计2009》中国发布会从多个方面揭示了这一特点。2008年,世界经历了自二战以来最严重的经济收缩;非经合组织国家的一次能源消费首次超过经合组织国家(OECD);以石油为代表的化石能源价格经历了创历史纪录的高点后,随着金融危机在全球的蔓延,全线暴跌,不仅加剧了经济衰退,而且将影响未来的能源供应。2008年,世界石油产量较上年有所增长,消费则出现了15年来的首次下降,以往紧张的供需关系发生逆转。世界天然气储量、产量和消费量同比分别增长4.5%、3.8%和2.5%,土库曼斯坦、美国和中国分别引领了储产量和消费量的增长。煤炭连续第六年成为全球消费增长最快的燃料,然而如果去掉中国和印度,世界煤炭消费量是下降的。2008年,尽管世界经济和全球能源经历了剧烈的波动,但市场机制较好地保证了能源安全;随着全球经济的复苏,能源价格将再次受到考验,从而对经济增长、能源安全和气候变化带来新的挑战。
In 2008,volatility and structural changes constituted the prominent characteristic of world energy markets.BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009 launch event in Beijing has demonstrated this point from multi-aspects.In 2008,the world experienced the worst economic contraction since World War II;primary energy consumption of non-OECD economies exceeded for the first time that of OECD;after reaching the highest point in history,all the prices of fossil energy with crude oil being its representative droped dramatically as the financial crisis spread all over the world,which not only aggravated economic recession,but also will affect future energy supply.In 2008,world oil production witnessed year-on-year increase,while consumption fell for the first time in past 15 years,bringing about reversion of past tense supply-demand relationship.The reserves,output and consumption of world natural gas respectively increased by 4.5%,3.8% and 2.5% on year-on-year basis.Turkmenistan,the United States and China respectively ranked number one in the growth of reserves,output and consumption.Coal for the sixth consecutive year was the fuel which had the fastest consumption growth.However,the world's coal consumption was decreasing if China and India were not taken into consideration.In 2008,although world economy and global energy experienced dramatic fluctuations,energy security was secured well by market mechanism.As global economy revives,energy prices will once again be put to the test,and thus new challenges will be brought about to economic growth,energy security and climate change.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2009年第7期44-52,共9页
International Petroleum Economics
