摘要
区域人类活动是生态系统演变发展的重要驱动因子,定量评价区域人类活动强度是分析区域人类活动对生态系统影响的基础。本文提出了一套将区域人类活动强度定量化的方法:首先,通过选取人口密度、经济密度、人均国民生产总值、农业产值和普通中学在校中学生数等17个代表性指标,构建了在社会、经济和文化三方面反映区域人类活动强度的评价指标体系;然后,采用层次分析法获取各指标的权重;最后,利用加权法将各指标综合获取区域人类活动定量化指数。将本方法应用于中国武川县、蒙古达尔汗乌拉省和俄罗斯扎卡缅斯克地区,并验证了其有效性。经计算,2000年前述三地的区域人类活动指数,依次为0.78,0.54,0.16,即,自南向北区域人类活动强度逐渐降低;武川县20世纪80年代中期、1995年及2000年的区域人类活动指数,分别为0.37,0.50,0.78,即,区域人类活动强度随时间逐渐增加。通过对三个研究区的自然环境和区域人类活动的梯度分析,以及武川县区域人类活动的发展过程分析表明,该方法可有效地定量评价区域人类活动强度,为区域人类活动强度定量化相关研究提供技术支持。
Human activity is an important driving factor to development and evolvement of ecosystem. Quantitative assessment of human activity intensity is foundation to analysis influences of human activities on structure, process and service functions of ecosystem. An approach to constructing a regional quantitative model of human activity in- tensity was proposed in the article. Firstly, 17 representative human activities indices such as population density, the entire society employees, output value of agriculture, investment in fixed assets, density of road, students＇ number in high school were selected and a set of human activity index system referring to social, economic, culture aspects was established. Then,the Analytical Hierarchy Process （AHP） method was employed to determine the weights of each human activity index and the weights of importance of social, economic, culture aspects. Finally, a weighted average model was used to quantify regional human activity intensity. The proposed method was applied in three study areas： Wuchuan County in China, Darhan in Mongolia, Zakamensky in Russia. After calculation, human ac- tivity exponents of the three study areas in 2000 were 0. 78,0.54 and 0. 16, respectively, which decreased from south to north. And regional human activity exponents of Wuchuan County in mid 1980s, 1995 and 2000 were 0. 37,0. 50 and 0. 78, respectively,indicating a trend of increase. According to analysis on gradient changing of hu- man activity and natural environment of the three study areas and the process of development of Wuchuan＇ s human activity, we can conclude that the method is highly effective in evaluating regional human activities intensity, which can serve as a technique for related researches.
出处
《地球信息科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期452-460,共9页
Geo-information Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目:基于环境一号等国产微型的环境遥感监测关键技术及软件研究(2008BAC34B06)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目:主要能源植物规模化种植综合评价(KSCX2-YW-G-036)
关键词
区域人类活动
定量模型
层次分析法
regional human activity
analytical hierarchy process（AHP）
quantitative model
