摘要
江苏盱眙县境内的东阳秦汉古墓群是一处重要的秦汉遗址。迄今为止，墓葬出土了大批精美的漆器，为了解汉代广陵国髹漆工艺提供了珍贵的资料。为了解其髹漆工艺特点，采用了切片技术、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和傅立叶红外吸收光谱（FTIR）等分析方法对其中两件木胎漆器进行了分析研究。漆膜切片显示素色漆器的漆膜由漆灰层和黑色漆层构成，而彩绘漆器由三层结构组成，分别为灰地、底漆层和色漆层；XRD图谱发现漆灰层中的填料主要为石英（SiO2）和钠长石（NaAlSi3O8），漆膜中的红色颜料为朱砂（HgS）；红色漆膜的XRF显示了其主要元素是Hg和S，包括Ca、Si、Cu和Fe等微量元素。漆膜的FTIR分析数据显示漆膜中在1630cm^-1和1576cm^-1处存在着可能是苯环骨架振动的红外吸收峰。研究结果说明了本地髹漆工艺主要分为三个步骤：1）髹漆灰，漆灰层是由生漆调和研磨成细粒的钠长石矿物构成，它能制作出厚度约0．1～0．2mm薄漆灰层；2）髹底漆，厚度约为0．02～0．09mm；3）彩绘，红色漆膜中的颜料为朱砂，朱砂含有微量的Ca、Si、Cu和Fe等杂质，表明其来自矿采。
The Dongyang tomb site,lying in Xuyi city,Jiangsu province,is an important historical site dating to the Qin and Han Dynasties. Many fine lacquer wares have been excavated from these tombs, and they could provide precious information on the lacquer - making techniques in the state of Guangling during the Han Dynasty. In order to deduce the lacquer - making techniques of that time, cross - section, X ray diffraction （XRD） , X - ray fluorescence （XRF） and the fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FFIR） analysis were used to study two wooden body urushiwares from the site. The cross - sections of the lacquer films showed that the plain urushiware had two lacquer layers ： a plaster layer and a plain lacquer layer. The colored urushiware had a plaster layer, a ground layer and a painting layer. XRD resuits showed that quartz （SiO2 ） and albite （NaAlSi3O8 ） were in the plaster layer, and that cinnabar （HgS） was the pigment in the red lacquer layer. XRF showed that the major elements of the cinnabar were Hg and S, with traces of Ca,Si,Cu and Fe. The lacquer film was also examined by FFIR. The absorbance at 1576 cm^1 and 1630 cm^-1 were attributed to benzene skeletal vibrations. Analysis indicated lacquer - making techniques for these samples consisted of three steps. 1 ） Lacquering of the plaster layer; raw lacquer and a mixture of minerals containing fine granular quartz and albite were applied to form a film about 0.1 -0.2mm thick ;2）Lacquering the priming layer, this layer is about 0.02 -0.09mm thick;3 ）Painting the uppermost layer, in which cinnabar was used as red pigment; the presence of minor elements, such as Ca, Si, Cu and Fe, suggested the cinnabar came from a mineral source.
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
2009年第3期53-58,共6页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
漆器
东阳秦汉墓
传统工艺
广陵国
Lacquer
Dongyang tomb of Qin and Han Dynasties
Traditional craft
Guangling State
