摘要
在回顾干旱与旱灾基本概念的基础上,对国内外的若干干旱指标、管理模式与政策法规作了简述。国际干旱管理的总趋势是由过去被动的应急抗旱和危机管理模式向主动的风险管理转变。通过归纳国际几种不同的典型干旱管理模式和部分法规细则,本文提出我国欲走科学化的干旱管理道路须制定明确的干旱管理目标与量化标准,须维持区域水资源的供需平衡与可持续能力,切实恢复和保护地下水、将地下水作为抗旱战略储备物资,走量化管理之路。国务院近期通过的《中华人民共和国抗旱条例(草案)》为我国抗旱工作的法制化奠定了基础。国际上一些干旱管理法规的实施细则对进一步加强我国的法规建设会有重要的参考价值。
The author reviews the basic concepts of drought and drought disaster, introduces a set of drought severity indices, managing modes, and stream of the international drought management policies and regulations relating to drought. The mainhas changed from the traditional reactive crisis management to integrated proactive risk management. By means of referencing several typical international drought management modes in Australia, USA, South Africa, and UK, the author suggests to improve China＇s drought management in following aspects： clearly defining goals and management standards, sustainable water supplies, groundwater recovering and reserving in Northern China, and quantifying drought monitoring and Pennsylvania, risk assessment. This paper also introduces some detailed drought-management rules in USA, which could be valuable for the ongoing policymaking process in China.
出处
《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》
2009年第2期152-158,F0003,共8页
Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
关键词
干旱
旱情指标
风险管理
法规
可持续发展
drought
drought severity index
risk management
regulations
sustainable development
