摘要
按经典热力学，工作在两恒温热源间的正、反卡诺循环能量满足：“大小相等，方向相反”的原则，而实际热机、制冷机与热泵，由于热阻、摩擦、涡流、热漏等不可逆因素的存在，正、反卡诺循环能量不再满足此原则．为研究两源间不可逆定常态热机、制冷机与热泵的最优性能关系间的内在联系与最佳面积比，采用熵产率分析方法和引进等熵温比指数，提出并证明了功率与效率、制冷率与制冷系数、泵热率与泵热系数最优关系间应遵循的法则．该法则表明，热机、制冷机与热泵的最优性能关系是相互关联的．作为实例，文中求得了四种非线性传热条件下不可逆定常态热机、制冷机与热泵的最优性能与最佳面积比的统一表达式，从而证明了这个法则与等熵温比指数的重要性．
According to classical thermodynamics, the energy relations between forward and reverse Carnot cycles between two isothermic reservoirs satisfy the principle ‘it is equal in quantity and opposite in direction’. However, for practical heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps, the principle is not followed due to the heat resistance, friction and heat leak. The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal performance and relative area ratio of steady flow irreversible heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps between the two reservoirs. Using the analysis method of entropy generation rate and with the isentropic temperature ratio exponent, it is put out and proved the rule that the optimal performance relations of the forward and reverse Carnot cycles should follow, i.e., as one of the optimal relations is derived the others are also determined. Finally, some optimal performance relations and area ratios for the heat engine, refrigerators and heat pump under four kinds of heat transfer laws are obtained by the rule, which show the usefulness and importance of the rule.
出处
《上海交通大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第7期1-4,共4页
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University
基金
中国博士后科学基金
关键词
热机
制冷机
热泵
最优性能
面积比
heat engine
refrigerator
heat pump
optimal performance
area ratio
