摘要
目的讨论国家标准ＧＢ３１０２．４－９３将内能改称为热力学能的意义和有关基本概念．方法以焦耳实验为基础，讨论热力学能是如何在热力学第一定律的确立过程中定义的．然后分析其在定压测量时定义焓．按国家标准ＧＢ３１０２．８－９３讨论热力学能差和焓差特别是标准摩尔生成焓，并指出一些流行教科书中的错误．结果明确了热力学能是热力学而不是机电学的属性，澄清了有关错误概念．结论从新的名称可以看出热力学能属于热力学学科的量，这对于教学特别是教材建设有重要意义．
Aim To discuss the significance of replacing the internal energy with the thermodynamic energy in the national standard GB 31024-93, and the related basic concepts Methods Based on the Joule′s experiments, it is discussed that how the thermodynamic energy was difined in the process of finding the first law of thermodynamics The enthalpy was defined after analyzing the difficulties of the measurement of the energy at constant pressure In addition, the difference of the thermodynamic energy and the difference of the enthalpy, and in particular the standard molar enthalpy of formation were discussed according to the national standard GB 31028-93 Besides, some mistakes in the current textbooks were also pointed out Results It was comprehended that the the rmodynamic energy is of a thermodynamic rather than an electromechanic attribute A related mistaken pictures in some textbooks are cleared up Conclusion It can be seen a taglance from the new terminology that the thermodynamic energy should be a quantity which belongs to thermodynamic science This posseses an important significance for the teaching, and especially for the building of teaching materials
出处
《北京理工大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
1998年第3期364-369,共6页
Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology
关键词
化学热力学
内能
热力学能
焓
国家标准
chemical thermodynamics
internal energy
thermodynamic energy
enthalpy
