摘要
大型储油罐区内发生扬沸火灾时危害巨大,其危害程度与扬沸火灾时油品的燃烧特征参量有密切的关系.建立了小型扬沸火灾模拟实验台和数据采集系统,对混合原油和混合油品(煤油与机油)两种油品,在不同直径的小尺度油罐内,扬沸发生前后燃烧速率(线性燃烧速率和质量燃烧速率)、热释放速率、火焰温度、火焰热辐射和高度的变化规律进行了实验研究.发现这些特征参量在扬沸前后都发生了突变,其中扬沸阶段的燃烧速度、热释放速率和火焰辐射为平均值的几倍甚至几十倍.在对这些特征参量的突变进行定性和定量分析的基础上对引起突变的原因进行了分析,可为防控全尺度油罐扬沸火灾的危害提供参考依据.
Boilover fires in large-scale oil storage tanks can lead to significant losses, and the damage degree of boilover fires is closely related to combustion characteristic parameters. A series of small-scale boilover experiments were carried out, and the variety regulation of parameters including burning velocity （linear burning rate and mass burning rate）, heat release rate, flame temperature, radiation and flame height in the combustions of mixed crude oil and mixed oil（kerosene and lubrication oil） during and before boilover were investigated. The experimental results show that these parameters of boilover mutate, so that the values of burning velocity, heat release rate and radiation during boilover can be several times and even dozens of times of those mean values. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the reason for the mutation was discussed, which can provide a theoretical basis for controlling the loss of boilover during full-scale oil tank fires.
关键词
扬沸
燃烧速度
热释放速率
热辐射
火焰高度
boilover
burning velocity
heat release rate
radiation
flame height
