摘要
西方寻租理论于60～70年代产生于美国,其基本思想是:由于垄断利润的存在,追求利润的动机总会使一些人进行争取“垄断地位”的活动(即“寻租”)。寻租活动的社会成本十分昂贵,其直接后果是抑制了市场公平竞争,人为扭曲了资源的配置,造成社会资源的浪费,间接后果则可能影响社会风气,引发政治腐败。与通常意义上的市场相比,我国石油“内部市场”尚存在以下不足:(1)市场主体经济地位不确定;(2)市场客体不是真正的商品;(3)市场交易制度不完善及制度执行不严格。由此造成了石油“内部市场”中寻租现象相当普遍。但是,我们不能简单地套用寻租理论来对石油“内部市场”中的问题加以解释,或对“内部市场”的积极作用加以否定,而是应该借鉴寻租理论分析问题的方法,追索寻租的根源,使制度更加完善,促进石油内部市场尽快向统一、开放的石油市场体系过渡。
Occidental rent-seeking theory originated in the United States in the 1960s. This theory holds that the existence of ' monopolist profit' always drives some people to try every means to attain a 'monopolist position'. The social costs of rent-seeking are quite high. The direct consequences of rent-seeking are to impede fair market competition, artificially distort energy allocation, and cause the waste of social resources. Indirectly, rent-seeking is likely to adversely influence the general social mood and induce political corruption. Unlike the general market, the Chinese petroleum in-
dusty' s internal market has experienced widespread rent-seeking activities due to the following unfavorable conditions within the industry: 1) the economic position of the main market body is undetermined; 2) the market objective is not real commodities; 3) the market system is imperfect and its powers of constraint are not strong enough. However, we should not indiscriminately apply occidental rent-seeking theory to explain the problems of the Chinese petroleum industry' s internal market, or to deny its usefulness. Rather, the analytic methods of rent-seeking theory should be utilized to locate the causes of rent-seeking activities within the internal market, and promote the integration of the internal market into a unitized, open petroleum market.
出处
《国际石油经济》
1998年第3期37-39,62,共4页
International Petroleum Economics
