摘要
本文讨论由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的简单两级供应链系统中,对于不同的随机需求函数,零售商的联合决策对牛鞭效应的影响。首先建立了基于具有随机扰动项的需求函数下的零售商优化联合决策(库存决策和定价决策)的一般模型;然后分析在随机需求函数为线性和等弹性(假设随机扰动项为独立同分布的正态分布)的情形下零售商决策对牛鞭效应的影响。对于随机线性需求函数,牛鞭效应不会发生;而对于随机等弹性需求函数,仿真实验结果显示,零售商优化联合决策能使牛鞭效应度量值随着曲线等弹性系数或刻度因子的增大而减小,但牛鞭效应始终会发生。因此,零售商在制定策略以减小牛鞭效应时,还应考虑不同需求曲线的形态和精细结构。
This paper discusses the impact of retailer＇s decision on the bullwhip effect based on the different demand-curves with random shocks in a simple two-stage supply chain system consisting of a single retailer and a single supplier. Firstly,it builds a combined decision （pricing and inventory decision） models for the retailer with demand-curve with random shocks. Then, it analyzes the impact of decisions on the bullwhip effect. The result shows that：when market demand is linear-curve with random shocks, the retailer＇s optimal decision cannot make the bullwhip effect occur, and its measure has no concerns with its demand elasticity and scaling factor;however, when market demand is an iso-elastic demand function with random shocks,the bullwhip effect measure will decrease with the increasing of demand elasticity or its scaling factor,but the bullwhip effect will always occur. So retailers must consider the pattern of demand-curve and its fine structure to reduce the bullwhip effect.
出处
《技术经济》
2009年第7期109-113,120,共6页
Journal of Technology Economics
基金
教育部科学技术研究重点项目(108112)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20060614023)
教育部科学技术研究重点项目(108112)
科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(2007FY140400)资助
关键词
供应链
定价决策
库存决策
牛鞭效应
需求曲线
supply chain
pricing decision
inventory decision
bullwhip effect
demand-curve
